In English, it normally refers to a volcanic crater, but in Japanese, it refers to the ring-shaped landforms that are often seen on the surface of the moon. Until craters were discovered on Mars by the American Mars probe Mariner 4 in 1965, the only celestial body known to exist outside of Earth was the Moon, but today they are known to exist on many planets and moons in the solar system. There are two theories about their origin: internal causes such as volcanic activity, and external causes, which state that they were caused by collisions with celestial bodies from outside. [Naoyuki Sekiguchi] Craters of various sizes can be seen on the surface of the moon. The large crater on the right is "Ptolemaios." Photographed by Apollo 12 © NASA Moon craters Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
英語では普通に火山の火口のことをさすが、日本語では月の表面などに多数みられる環形の地形のことをいう。1965年にアメリカの火星探査機マリナー4号によって火星上にクレーターが発見されるまでは、地球外の天体では月の上にしか存在が知られていなかったが、今日では太陽系内の多くの惑星、衛星の上にその存在が知られている。成因については、火山活動などによる内因説と、外部からの天体の衝突によるという外因説とがある。 [関口直甫] 月面に見られる大小さまざまなクレーター。写真右の大きなクレーターは「プトレマイオス」。アポロ12号により撮影©NASA"> 月のクレーター 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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