The capital of the state of Queretaro in central Mexico. It is located about 180 km northwest of Mexico City, in the southern part of the Mexican plateau, at an altitude of about 1,860 m, on the eastern foot of the Las Campanas hills. The town was founded by the Otomi Indians, but came under the control of the Aztecs in 1446. It was an outpost against warlike tribes in the north until it was conquered by Spain in 1531. During the colonial period, it developed as a liaison and supply base for the two major mining regions of Guanajuato and Zacatecas. In 1810, a plot of rebellion against Spain was hatched in the city, which triggered the Mexican War of Independence to begin in September of the same year under the leadership of M. Hidalgo y Costilla. It is also known as the site of many historical events, such as the signing of the Treaty of Guadalpaydalgo (1848) that ended the Mexican-American War, the defeat of French puppet Emperor Maximilian by the army of B. Juarez (1867), the drafting and promulgation of the 1917 Constitution, and the formation of the National Revolutionary Party (1929). Currently, as the center of the surrounding agricultural region, it distributes and processes agricultural products. Cotton textiles are particularly popular, and there is one of the oldest and largest cotton textile factories in Mexico. There is also a steel industry, and opals are produced. It is a typical Spanish colonial city, and the old town, which has a colonial-style cathedral and a 15m-high, 8km-long aqueduct (1726-38), was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1996. It is the location of the Autonomous University of Queretaro (1965). It is connected to Mexico City by main roads and railroads. Population: 454,049 (1990 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
メキシコ中部,ケレタロ州の州都。メキシコシティーの北西約 180km,メキシコ高原南部にあり,ラスカンパナス丘陵の東麓,標高約 1860mの地に位置する。インディオのオトミ族が建設した町であるが,1446年アステカ族の支配下に入り,1531年スペインに征服されるまで,北方の好戦的諸部族に対する前哨基地であった。植民地時代はグアナフアト,サカテカスの二大鉱業地区に対する連絡,補給基地として発展。 1810年市で企てられたスペインに対する反逆計画が引き金となって,同 1810年9月 M.イダルゴ・イ・コスティリャの指導下にメキシコ独立戦争が開始された。またアメリカ=メキシコ戦争を終結したグアダルペイダルゴ条約の調印 (1848) ,フランスの傀儡皇帝マクシミリアンの B.フアレス軍による敗北 (1867) ,1917年憲法の起草,公布,国民革命党の結成 (1929) など多くの歴史的事件が起こった地としても知られる。現在周辺の農業地帯の中心地として農産物を集散,加工する。特に綿織物の生産が盛んで,メキシコで最古のものの一つであり,かつ最大規模の綿織物工場がある。鉄鋼業もあり,オパールを産する。典型的なスペイン植民地風の都市で,植民地様式の聖堂や,高さ約 15m,長さ約 8kmの水道橋 (1726~38) などが残る旧市街は,1996年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。ケレタロ自治大学 (1965) 所在地。メキシコシティーと幹線道路,鉄道で連絡。人口 45万 4049 (1990推計) 。
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