Jizya - Jizuya (English spelling) jizya

Japanese: ジズヤ - じずや(英語表記)jizya
Jizya - Jizuya (English spelling) jizya

A poll tax stipulated by Islamic law. It was imposed by the Prophet Muhammad on Jews, Christians, and others. In the process of developing Islamic law, the distinction between the poll tax and the land tax (haraj) was clarified, and the poll tax came to be called jizya. The land tax is levied regardless of the religion or status of the landowner, but the poll tax is levied only on non-Muslims, not Muslims. The standard tax amount was one gold coin per adult male per year, but there were different tax amounts depending on the region and era. Non-Muslims had to pay a higher tax burden than Muslims because of the jizya, which caused dissatisfaction. In modern times, many Islamic countries have tax systems that are not based on Islamic law, and jizya is not imposed.

[Akira Goto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イスラム法が定める人頭税。預言者ムハンマド(マホメット)がユダヤ教徒やキリスト教徒などに課した。イスラム法が整備される過程で人頭税と土地税(ハラージュ)の区分が明確化され、人頭税をジズヤとよぶようになった。土地税は、土地所有者の宗教、身分にかかわらず課税されるが、人頭税はイスラム教徒には課せられず、非イスラム教徒だけに課せられる。成人男子1人に対して年に金貨1枚が標準的な税額であったが、地域、時代により標準とは異なる税額があった。非イスラム教徒はジズヤの分だけイスラム教徒よりは過大に税を負担することになり、彼らには不満があった。現代ではイスラム諸国の多くはイスラム法によらない税体系をもち、ジズヤは課せられていない。

[後藤 明]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Alfred Sisley

>>:  Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi

Recommend

Macroglossum

...This group of moths is relatively small and ma...

Motivation disorder - Iyokushōgai

Drives and will are collectively called volition. ...

schizocarp

...nuts are relatively large, hard-shelled fruits...

Kamidaigo - Kamidaigo

…Founded in 874 (Jogan 16) by Shobo. It is said t...

Free Artists Association

An art group for painting, sculpture, and printma...

Vangidae

...They live in the forests of northern Madagasca...

Azesuge - Azesuge

A perennial plant of the Cyperaceae family (APG c...

Lucknow - Rakunau (English spelling) Lucknow

It is the capital of Uttar Pradesh in northern In...

Fontana, GB (English) FontanaGB

…The first steps in this direction were taken by ...

Historia animalium (English spelling)

...His Opera botanica (1551-71), which contained ...

Exjinit - Exjinit

… Vitrinite is derived mainly from the xylem of p...

Palinurus

…He brought the freshest international, pan-Europ...

Obazeri - Obazeri

…A rare perennial plant of the Umbelliferae famil...

Laws of the Sea of ​​Oléron (English: Laws of the Sea of ​​Oléron)

It is a collection of decisions of the Maritime Co...

Vlah

...It is linguistically proven that they shared a...