What is the Third Estate?

Japanese: 第三身分とは何か - だいさんみぶんとはなにか(英語表記)Qu'est-ce que le Tiers État?
What is the Third Estate?

A pamphlet written by French politician Sieyès in January 1789. The original title was "What is the Third Estate? Everything? What has it been until now? Nothing? What will it become?", and the contents of the pamphlet are succinctly expressed by this title. Sieyès published this pamphlet in the context of the situation in which the Three Estates General was to be convened in May 1789, and clarified the theoretical basis for eliminating the privileges of the nobility and protecting the interests of the Third Estate. Specifically, he argued that the working Third Estate was the nation itself, that the representatives of the Third Estate must be of Third Estate origin, that the number of representatives of the Third Estate in the Three Estates General should be the same as the total number of representatives of the First and Second Estates, and that voting should be by number of people, not by status. "What is the Third Estate?" became a best-seller and became the driving force behind the rise of the French Revolution.

[Yoichi Uryu]

"What is the Third Estate?" (translated by Makoto Oiwa) (Iwanami Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1789年1月フランスの政治家シエイエスの著したパンフレット。原題は『第三身分とは何か、すべて。今日まで何であったか、無。何になろうとするのか、何ものかに』であり、パンフレットの内容はこの表題で簡潔に表現されている。89年5月に全国三部会が召集されるという情勢のなかで、シエイエスはこのパンフレットを出版し、貴族の特権排除、第三身分の利益擁護の理論的根拠を明らかにした。具体的には、労働する第三身分こそ国民Nationそのものであり、第三身分の代表は第三身分出自でなければならず、全国三部会の第三身分代表は第一、第二身分代表総数と同数で、表決は身分別でなく人数によるべきであると主張した。『第三身分とは何か』はベストセラーとなり、フランス革命の高揚を生み出す原動力となった。

[瓜生洋一]

『大岩誠訳『第三階級とは何か』(岩波文庫)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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