[What kind of disease is it?] Morquio disease is a hereditary disease. The human body contains a substance called glycosaminoglycan (also known as mucopolysaccharides), which is present in various tissues. This substance is not a problem as long as there is a balance between its production and decomposition in the body. However, in Morquio disease, the person is born lacking an enzyme that breaks down glycosaminoglycans (called galactosamine-6-sulfatase). As a result, glycosaminoglycans accumulate abnormally in the skeleton and internal organs, causing various disorders. [Symptoms] Because the joints are loose, cervical vertebrae such as atlantoaxial subluxation can occur, which can put pressure on the nerves in the spinal cord, causing neurological symptoms or even hip joint disorders. There is no intellectual disability and no threat to life. However, the symptoms of so-called dwarfism are severe, with a short neck and torso and bow legs. Skeletal abnormalities include a curved spine, pigeon chest ('pigeon chest'), and flat feet ('flat feet'). Other abnormalities include clouding of the cornea, resulting in decreased vision, and enlargement of the heart. [Testing and diagnosis] A rough prediction can be made by examining the glycosaminoglycan components in the urine, but to make an accurate diagnosis, tests to examine enzyme activity are required. [Treatment] There is no fundamental cure for this disease. Orthotics are used to prevent or correct skeletal deformities. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] モルキオ病は、遺伝性の病気の1つです。 人の体内には、グリコサミノグリカン(ムコ多糖類(たとうるい))という物質があって、さまざまな組織に存在しています。 この物質は、体内での生産と分解のバランスがとれていれば問題はありません。 しかし、モルキオ病の場合では、グリコサミノグリカンを分解する酵素(こうそ)(ガラクトサミン6硫酸(りゅうさん)スルファターゼと呼ばれる酵素)が生まれつき欠けています。 そのため、骨格や内臓に、異常にグリコサミノグリカンが蓄積されて、いろいろな障害がおこってくるのです。 [症状] 関節がゆるく、環軸椎亜脱臼(かんじくついあだっきゅう)などの頸椎(けいつい)の病変がおこるため、脊髄(せきずい)の神経が圧迫されて神経症状が出たり、股関節(こかんせつ)の障害がおこったりします。 知能障害はなく、また、生命にも別条はありません。 しかし、いわゆる低身長症(ていしんちょうしょう)の症状が著しく、体型はくびと胴(どう)が短くなり、X脚(エックスきゃく)(「X脚」)となります。 骨格の異常としては、背中が曲がったり、鳩胸(はとむね)(「鳩胸」)や扁平足(へんぺいそく)(「扁平足」)がおこりやすくなります。 その他の異常としては、目の角膜(かくまく)が濁って視力が低下したり、心臓が大きくなったりすることがあります。 [検査と診断] 尿中のグリコサミノグリカンの成分を調べることで、だいたいの予想はつきますが、正確な診断をするには、酵素の活性を調べる検査が必要です。 [治療] この病気の根本的な治療法はありません。 骨格の変形を予防したり、矯正(きょうせい)するために装具を使用したりします。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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