American sociologist. One of the leading figures of the psychological school of sociology in early American sociology. Graduated from the University of Michigan in 1894, he became a professor at the same university after serving as an assistant professor and associate professor. In 1918, he became president of the American Sociological Association. In his major works, Human Nature and the Social Order (1902) and Social Organization (1909), he advocated the concept of the "social self" that reconciles individualistic and collectivistic views of society through the method of "sympathetic introspection," and explained it as the "looking-glass self." He is also famous for emphasizing the importance of the function of the "primary group," which is the seedbed for its formation. Primary groups are places of face-to-face and intimate contact typical of families, neighborhoods, and play groups, where individuals experience social integration in the early stages of development, internalize social ideals, and form the social self. Later, in The Social Process (1918), he also showed an interest in social change theory, and placed emphasis on the changes in the intellectual aspects of individuals in the social process, especially the value conflicts that accompany the development of monetary values. [Oshio Shunsuke July 20, 2018] "Social Organization Theory" translated by Sachi Ohashi and Miyoshi Kikuchi (1970, Aoki Shoten) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの社会学者。初期アメリカ社会学の心理学的社会学派を代表する一人。1894年ミシガン大学を卒業。助教授、準教授を経て同大学教授となる。1918年アメリカ社会学会会長に就任。その主著『人間性と社会秩序』(1902)、『社会組織』(1909)において、「共感的内省」の方法により、個人主義的社会観と集団主義的社会観を調整する「社会的自我」social selfの概念を主張、これを「鏡に映った自我」looking-glass selfと説明した。また、その形成の苗床である「第一次集団」primary groupの機能の重要性を強調したことで有名である。第一次集団とは、家族、近隣、遊戯集団に典型的な対面的かつ親密な接触の場であり、そこで個人は発達の初期に社会的統合を経験し、社会的理想を内面化し、社会的自我が形成される。その後、『社会過程』(1918)において社会変動論にも関心を示し、社会過程における個人の知的側面の変化、とくに金銭的価値の進展に伴う価値の葛藤(かっとう)を重視した。 [大塩俊介 2018年7月20日] 『大橋幸・菊池美代志訳『社会組織論』(1970・青木書店)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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