A deciduous shrub of the Caprifoliaceae family (APG classification: Viburnum family). It grows 2-6 meters tall. The leaves are pinnately compound. From March to May, it produces panicles that bloom with many pentamerous florets. The corolla is pale yellow with recurved lobes. The ovary is inferior and has three chambers. The fruit is spherical and ripens red in September-October. It is distributed from Honshu to Kyushu and the Korean peninsula, and in Hokkaido there is a variety called Ezo-niwatoko, which has long granular projections on its inflorescence. It is planted as a garden tree and used as cut flowers in early spring. The leaves are effective for inducing sweating and as a diuretic, and are used as a folk medicine. The pith is used to make slices for microscopic observation. There are about 25 species of elderberry distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Eastern Australia, New Zealand, and South America. Elderberry (S. nigra L.) is native to Europe, where its flowers are used medicinally and its fruits are used to make wine. [Makiyuki Fukuoka December 14, 2021] Cultural historyIn ancient times, it was called Yamatazu or Miyatsukogi (artificial tree). In the Manyoshu, the commentary on the passage "As your days grow long, I will not wait to greet you at Yamatazu" (vol. 2.90) reads, "The word Yamatazu here refers to the modern Miyatsukogi." Elderberry leaves grow opposite each other, so they are hung on opposing trees. The Chinese name for the tree is Sekkogi, which comes from the use of its thick decoction as a poultice for bruises and broken bones. According to Pliny's Natural History (1st century), the sticky black berries were used in ancient Rome to dye hair. [Hiroshi Yuasa December 14, 2021] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スイカズラ科(APG分類:ガマズミ科)の落葉低木。高さ2~6メートル。葉は羽状複葉。3~5月、円錐(えんすい)花序をつくり、5数性の小花を多数集めて開く。花冠は淡黄色、裂片は反り返る。子房は下位で3室。果実は球形、9~10月、赤色に熟す。本州から九州、および朝鮮半島に分布し、北海道には花序の粒状突起が長い変種エゾニワトコがある。庭木として植えられ、早春の切り花とする。葉は発汗、利尿に効果があり、民間薬とする。髄は顕微鏡観察用の切片をつくるのに用いる。 ニワトコ属は北半球、アフリカ北部、東南アジア、オーストラリア東部、ニュージーランド、南アメリカに約25種分布する。セイヨウニワトコS. nigra L.はヨーロッパに産し、花を薬用とし、果実でワインをつくる。 [福岡誠行 2021年12月14日] 文化史古くはヤマタヅとかミヤツコギ(造木)とよばれた。『万葉集』の「君が行き日(け)長くなりぬやまたづの迎へを往(ゆ)かむ待つには待たじ」(巻2.90)の注釈に「ここにやまたづといふは、これ今の造木(みやつこぎ)をいふ」と載る。ニワトコは葉が対生するので、相対する迎えに懸けられている。接骨木は中国名で、打撲症や骨折にその濃い煎汁(せんじゅう)を湿布に用いたことにちなむ。プリニウスの『博物誌』(1世紀)によると、古代のローマではそのねばねばした黒い実を毛染めに使った。 [湯浅浩史 2021年12月14日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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