Clapham - John Harold Clapham

Japanese: クラッパム - くらっぱむ(英語表記)John Harold Clapham
Clapham - John Harold Clapham

British economic historian. He studied at Cambridge University, and after serving as professor of economics at Leeds University, he served as the first professor of economic history at Cambridge University from 1928 to 1938. His An Economic History of Modern Britain (3 volumes, 1926-38), which was the first to systematically apply quantitative methods to economic history research, is still considered the highest level of research in this field. He emphasized the positive side of the Industrial Revolution by statistically demonstrating the rise in real wages of the working class at the time (an optimistic view of the Industrial Revolution), and opposed the pessimistic view held by A. Toynbee. His The Bank of England: A History (2 volumes, 1944), written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Bank of England, is also considered a masterpiece. In 1940, he became president of the British Economic History Society, and was knighted in the same year. In addition to the above-mentioned works, his major works include The Economic Development of France and Germany 1815―1914 (1921).

[Nemoto Hisao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの経済史家。ケンブリッジ大学に学び、リーズ大学経済学教授を経て、1928~38年ケンブリッジ大学の初代経済史教授を務めた。経済史研究に初めて数量的方法を組織的に適用した『近代イギリス経済史』An Economic History of Modern Britain3巻(1926~38)は、いまなおこの分野における最高水準の研究とされている。産業革命については、当時の労働者階級の実質賃金の上昇を統計的に示して、その明るい面を強調し(産業革命の楽観説)、A・トインビー以来の悲観説に反対した。また、イングランド銀行創立250年を記念して執筆した『イングランド銀行史』The Bank of England : A History2巻(1944)も名著とされている。40年イギリス経済史学会会長に就任し、同年ナイトに叙された。主著には前掲のほか『フランスとドイツの経済の発達 1815―1914』The Economic Development of France and Germany 1815―1914(1921)がある。

[根本久雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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