An annual plant of the Umbelliferae family (APG classification: Umbelliferae). Native to Europe, wild species are distributed throughout central and southern Europe, Africa, South America, Western Asia, and Western India. It is also said to be native to Sweden. It is widely cultivated as a vegetable and spice. The stems grow to a height of 60-90 cm, with prominent ridges. The leaves are pinnately compound and alternate, with fleshy sheaths at the base of the petioles. Compound umbels usually appear at the top of the upright stems from June to September, and produce numerous small green-white five-petaled flowers. The fruits are 2 mm long, ovate or oblate, and are used as a spice. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 17, 2021] Cultural historyThe whole plant has a fragrant scent, and has been used as a medicine since ancient Egypt, and was used as a decoration for the necklaces of mummies. Cultivation in Europe is recorded from the 16th century, and it is said to have started in Italy. It is said to have been introduced to China in the 7th century, but cultivation began in the 17th century and after, and it seems that it was a close to wild type, but even today, a close to wild type, Kinzai (Pelicans), is cultivated. Kinzai has thin leaf stalks, but has a strong fragrance. One theory is that it was introduced to Japan during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea, and it was also called Kiyomasa ninjin after Kato Kiyomasa. It was later brought to Nagasaki by the Dutch, and was also called Dutch Mitsuba. However, due to its unique strong fragrance, it did not become familiar to the Japanese diet and did not become popular. After World War II, it began to be consumed as the diet became more westernized, and consumption increased rapidly from the 1950s. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 17, 2021] CultivationCelery is mainly grown in Nagano Prefecture, where it is grown mainly in the summer, and Shizuoka Prefecture, where it is grown mainly in the winter, with the two prefectures accounting for 64% of the national production. There are many varieties, broadly divided into yellow, green, and intermediate varieties. It is said that wild celery fruits are better for use as spices than those bred for vegetables. Most of the varieties grown in Japan are intermediate varieties, with well-known varieties including Cornell 19 and Cornell 619. Seeds are sown in a nursery, transplanted twice, and raised as seedlings, and transplanted when they have 7-12 true leaves. It grows well in cool climates, and is grown and shipped all year round in open fields, tunnels, greenhouses, and heated cultivation. In the past, the edible parts of the leaves were blanched by piling soil on the stems or wrapping them in paper, but nowadays blanching is rarely done. In addition, the roots of the celery variety are edible, and it is called kon'yo (root) celery. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 17, 2021] FoodThe leaves, especially the petioles, are soft and sweet. They are cut into sticks and eaten raw with salt and mayonnaise, or added to salads. The flavor is enhanced when boiled, making them good for soups and stews. The leaf blades are added to bouquet garni to remove odors and add flavor to stewed dishes. The umami components are apiin, a flavone glycoside, and mannitol. The fruits contain about 3% essential oil and have a strong celery scent. They are widely used as a spice, and dried celery seeds are sold commercially. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 17, 2021] [References] |©Shogakukan "> celery Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セリ科(APG分類:セリ科)の一年草。ヨーロッパ原産で、ヨーロッパ中部から南部、アフリカ、南アメリカ、西アジアおよび西インドにかけて野生種が分布している。一説にはスウェーデン原産ともいわれる。野菜および香辛料として広く栽培されている。茎は高さ60~90センチメートルになり、稜(りょう)が目だつ。葉は羽状複葉で互生し、葉柄の基部は肉厚の鞘(さや)状となる。普通は6~9月にとう立ちした茎の上部に複散形花序を出し、緑白色の小さな5弁花を多数つける。果実は長さ2ミリメートルの卵形ないし扁球(へんきゅう)形で、香辛料として利用される。 [星川清親 2021年11月17日] 文化史全草に芳香があり、古代エジプト時代から薬用として利用され、ミイラの首飾りとして装飾に用いられた。ヨーロッパでの栽培は16世紀から記録があり、イタリアで始まったといわれる。中国へは7世紀に伝わったとされるが、栽培は17世紀以降で、それは野生型に近いものだったらしいが、いまでも野生型に近いキンツァイ(芹菜)が栽培されている。キンツァイは葉柄が細いが、香りは強い。日本への渡来は一説には豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)の朝鮮出兵の際といわれ、加藤清正にちなんでキヨマサニンジンともよばれた。その後、オランダ人によって長崎に伝えられ、オランダミツバともよばれた。しかし、独特の強い香りのため日本人の食生活になじまず普及しなかった。第二次世界大戦後、食生活の洋風化に伴って消費されるようになり、昭和30年代から消費量が急激に増加した。 [星川清親 2021年11月17日] 栽培栽培は、夏作を中心とした長野県と、冬作中心の静岡県とが主産地で、両県で全国生産の64%を占める。品種は多く、黄色種、緑色種、中間種に大別される。また、香辛料にする果実は野菜用に改良されたものよりも野生型のセロリのほうがよいとされる。日本で栽培されるのはほとんどが中間種の品種で、コーネル19号、コーネル619号などが知られている。苗床に種子を播(ま)き、2回移植して育苗し、本葉が7~12枚に育ったときに定植する。冷涼な気候でよく育ち、露地のほかトンネル、ハウス、加温栽培によって一年中栽培、出荷される。昔は食用部の葉柄に土寄せしたり、紙を巻いたりして軟白させたが、現在では軟白しないことが多い。 なお、変種のセロリアークは根を食用とし、コンヨウ(根用)セロリの名がある。 [星川清親 2021年11月17日] 食品葉、とくに葉柄は柔らかく甘味がある。葉柄をスティック状に切り、塩やマヨネーズをつけて生食し、またサラダに入れて食べる。煮るとさらに風味が増すのでスープやシチューにもよい。葉身の部分はブーケガルニに加え、煮込み料理の臭み消しや香りつけに用いる。うま味の成分はアピインというフラボン配糖体やマンニットなどである。果実には3%ほどの精油を含み、強いセロリ香がある。香辛料としての利用は広く、乾燥したものがセロリシードといって市販されている。 [星川清親 2021年11月17日] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> セロリ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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