Kim Hong-jip

Japanese: 金弘集 - キム・ホンジプ

Year of death: 11 February 1896
Year of birth: 1842
A politician from the late Yi Dynasty of Korea. His Japanese pronunciation is "Kin Koushu." His first name was Hongjip, and his pen name was Dowon. He visited Japan as a missionary in 1880 (Meiji 13), aiming to revise the unequal treaty known as the Treaty of Amity between Japan and Korea (1876). His goal was not achieved due to Japan's refusal, but he brought back the book "Strategy for Korea" by Qing diplomat Huang Zunxian and presented it to King Gojong, which became an opportunity to promote the modernization policy. He was always at the forefront of diplomacy, and was involved in negotiations with Japan and the conclusion of treaties of amity and commerce with European and American countries. However, his modernization policy drew opposition from Confucian scholars and conservative groups, and he was at the forefront of their criticism. During the Imo Incident (1882), he signed the Treaty of Chemulpo (1882) with Japan, and then went to Beijing to sign the Regulations on Trade between Korea and China, Sea and Land. During the Gapsin Coup (1884), he tried to settle the situation, and concluded the Treaty of Hanseong with Japan (1885). Following the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War (1894), he formed a cabinet as the first Prime Minister under Japanese control, and carried out the Gabo Reforms. He resigned when pro-Japanese forces were shaken by the Triple Intervention (1895), but re-formed a cabinet when Queen Min regained power, and formed a third cabinet with the backing of Japan after the assassination of Queen Min (1895). However, the assassination of Queen Min and the order to cut one's hair sparked a righteous army movement, and the pro-Russian faction took advantage of this confusion to help Gojong escape to the Russian embassy on February 11, 1896 (Gyonyang 1), and formed a separate government. Hearing of the incident, he headed to the palace, but was captured and brutally murdered on the way. He was a tragic politician who dealt with national crises throughout his life, and was commonly referred to as "a man who walks in the rain." <Works> "Kim Hong-ji's posthumous manuscripts" <References> Moriyama Shigenori "Japan-Korea Annexation"

(Moriyama Shigenori)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：建陽1.2.11(1896)
生年：憲宗8(1842)
朝鮮李朝末期の政治家。日本語読みは「きん・こうしゅう」。初名は宏集,号は道園。明治13(1880)年に修信使として訪日し,日朝修好条規(1876)という不平等条約の改正をめざした。日本の拒絶により目的は達成されなかったが,清国の外交官黄遵憲の著書『朝鮮策略』を持ち帰って国王高宗に上呈し,開化政策推進の契機とした。常に外交の前面に立ち日本との交渉,欧米各国との修好通商条約の締結に携わった。しかし開化政策は儒者や保守層の反発をよび,その矢面に立たされ非難された。壬午事変(1882)では日本と済物浦条約(1882)を結び,次いで北京に赴き朝中商民水陸貿易章程を締結した。甲申政変(1884)では時局収拾に努め,日本と漢城条約(1885)を議定した。日清開戦(1894)とともに日本の制圧下で初代総理大臣として内閣を組織し,甲午改革を断行した。三国干渉(1895)で親日派勢力が動揺すると辞職したが,閔妃が再び政権を握るや内閣を再度組織し,閔妃暗殺事件(1895)後は日本の力を背景に3度目の内閣をつくった。しかし閔妃暗殺事件と断髪令で義兵運動が起こり,この混乱に乗じて親露派は建陽1(1896)年2月11日,高宗をロシア公使館に脱出させて別に政府をつくった。彼は変を聞き宮殿に向かったが,途中で捕らえられ惨殺された。生涯にわたり終始国家非常の難局に当たった悲劇の政治家であり,俗に「雨天の下駄」と称された。<著作>『金弘集遺稿』<参考文献>森山茂徳『日韓併合』

(森山茂徳)

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