A cabinet formed by including the opposition party in order to resolve a national crisis such as war, civil unrest, or economic depression. It is also called a national government. In countries with a parliamentary cabinet system, the norm is a party cabinet system in which the majority party takes power and can take turns with the opposition party. However, in times of emergency or exceptional circumstances, a national unity cabinet system may be adopted. This national unity cabinet is different from a coalition cabinet, in which a single party cannot control the majority by itself and so a cabinet is formed by adding one or more other parties. Examples of national unity cabinets include the Lloyd George cabinet in the UK during World War I, the MacDonald cabinet of 1931 which was formed to weather the Great Depression, the Churchill cabinet during World War II, the de Gaulle cabinet established in France in 1958 to resolve the Algerian problem, and in Japan, the Saito Makoto cabinet which was established in 1932 (Showa 7) after the May 15 Incident and continued in power until Japan's defeat in the war. [Hiroshi Tanaka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
戦争や内乱あるいは経済大恐慌など、国に重大な危機状況が発生したような場合、挙国一致で事態の解決にあたるため、反対党をも加えて構成される内閣。国民政府ともいう。議院内閣制をとる国では、多数党が政権を担当し反対党との政権交替を前提とする政党内閣制による政治が常態である。しかし、非常事態、例外状態が発生したときには挙国一致内閣制をとる場合もある。この挙国一致内閣は、単独の政党だけでは多数を制しえず、他の一党あるいは複数の政党を加えて内閣を構成する連立内閣とは異なる。 挙国一致内閣の例としては、イギリスにおける第一次世界大戦中のロイド・ジョージ内閣、世界大恐慌を乗り切るためにつくられた1931年のマクドナルド内閣、第二次大戦中のチャーチル内閣、フランスでは1958年のアルジェリア問題解決のために成立したドゴール内閣、日本では、五・一五事件後の1932年(昭和7)に成立した斎藤実(まこと)内閣以降、敗戦に至るまで続いた内閣、がある。 [田中 浩] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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