Crossing - Crossing

Japanese: 交分 - きょうぶん

In the Middle Ages, this refers to the difference in rice amount arising from the size of the masu in a manor. In the manorial society of the Middle Ages, three types of masu were used: the manor masu (largest volume), the lord's masu, and the gegyo masu (smallest volume), and it was common for there to be increases and decreases when the masu were remeasured. In other words, it was common practice for rice tax presented from the manor in a masu to be remeasured in the masu held by the lord, and then distributed to each member of the manor. In this case, it was inevitable that there would be increases and decreases in the amount of rice measured depending on the size of the masu, and this difference was called a cross.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中世，荘園において升の大小から生ずる差額米をいう。中世の荘園制社会においては，荘升(容積最大)，領主升，下行（げぎよう）升(容積最小)の3種類の升が使用されており，升の計り換えのさいに増分･減分が出るのが常であった。すなわち，荘園から納升で進納された年貢米などが，領主の手元にある升で計りなおされ，それが荘園領主下の各構成員に配分されるのが一般的慣習であったが，そのさい升の大小から計量上の増分･減分が生ずるのは必然であり，その差を交分と呼んだのである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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