An ancient Roman amphitheater remaining in Rome. Emperor Vespasian, who founded the Flavian dynasty, began building it on the site of Emperor Nero's Golden Palace, which was drained, and it was completed in June 80 during the reign of Emperor Titus. Therefore, it is officially called the Flavian Amphitheaterum Flavium. The name Colosseum was given in the Middle Ages because of the 32-meter-tall Colossus Neronis, a colossus of Emperor Nero, that stood next to it. It is an elliptical structure with a major axis of 188 meters, a minor axis of 156 meters, and a circumference of 527 meters, and has four floors and a height of 48.5 meters. It could accommodate about 50,000 spectators. Gladiator fights and fights between gladiators and wild beasts were actively held here, and many Christians were martyred by the claws and fangs of wild beasts in the Colosseum during the period of Christian persecution. The historic centre of Rome, where the Colosseum is located, is registered as a World Heritage Site along with the Papal States and the Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura (World Cultural Heritage Site). [Masatoshi Ichikawa] It is the largest building in ancient Rome and is also known as the Colosseum. It is surrounded by three tiers of seats and a fourth tier of standing room only, and the top tier is decorated with a colonnade. Part of the World Heritage Site "Historic Centre of Rome, the Papal States and the Basilica of St. Paul the Great" (Italy/Vatican City, registered in 1980 and 1990) Rome, Italy ©Masashi Tanaka "> Coliseum ©Shogakukan Library "> Colosseum (Structure) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ市に残る古代ローマ時代の円形闘技場。フラウィウス朝を始めたウェスパシアヌス帝がネロ帝の黄金宮殿の人造池を干してその跡に建て始め、ティトゥス帝の時代の80年6月に完成した。そのため正式にはフラウィウスの円形闘技場Amphitheatrum Flaviumとよばれる。コロセウムという名は、そのわきに高さ32メートルにも及ぶネロ帝の巨像コロスス・ネロニスColossus Neronisが立っていたため、中世になってつけられた。長径188メートル、短径156メートル、周囲527メートルの楕円(だえん)形をなし、4階造りで高さ48.5メートル。約5万人の観衆を収容することができた。剣闘士(グラディアトル)同士の闘い、剣闘士と野獣との闘いなどが盛んに行われたほか、キリスト教迫害の時代には多くのキリスト教徒がこのコロセウムの中で野獣の爪牙(そうが)にかかって殉教した。なおコロセウムのあるローマ歴史地区は、教皇領、サンパオロ・フォーリ・レ・ムーラ教会とともに世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [市川雅俊] 古代ローマ最大の規模を誇る建築物で、コロッセオともいわれる。3層の座席と立見席(4層目)がぐるりと取り囲み、最上層は列柱で飾られていた。世界文化遺産「ローマ歴史地区、教皇領とサンパオロ・フォーリ・レ・ムーラ大聖堂」の一部(イタリア/バチカン市国・1980、1990年登録) イタリア ローマ©Masashi Tanaka"> コロセウム ©小学館ライブラリー"> コロセウム〔構造図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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