...The term "penalization" is often used to refer to imprisonment, and more specifically to emphasize the practical aspects of the punishment, particularly the reform and rehabilitation of criminals aimed at preventing recidivism, as opposed to the formal and procedural aspects (Strafvollstreckung) of calculating the sentence, the order of execution, and suspension of execution. After World War II, penalization was also called "correction," due to the influence of American legislation. Correction includes juvenile prison treatment, which is a protective measure (juvenile correction), and is generally contrasted with probation, which is a social treatment, as a form of institutional treatment. *Some explanations of terms that mention "correction" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…多くは,自由刑について,しかも,刑期の計算や執行の順序,執行停止といった刑式的・手続的側面(刑の執行)Strafvollstreckungとは区別して,その実質的な刑罰内容具体化の側面,とりわけ再犯防止を目指す犯罪者の改善処遇・社会復帰を強調する場合に行刑の語が用いられる。この意味での行刑Strafvollzugは,第2次世界大戦後は,アメリカ法制の影響もあり,矯正correctionとも呼ばれる。矯正には,保護処分である少年院処遇なども含まれ(少年矯正),おおむね施設内処遇として,社会内処遇たる保護観察を中心とする(更生)保護と対比される。… ※「correction」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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