Yang-shao culture

Japanese: 仰韶文化 - ぎょうしょうぶんか（英語表記）Yang-shao culture

A general term for the Neolithic culture with painted pottery in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China. The name comes from the Yangshao site in Menchi County, Henan Province, where it was surveyed by J. Anderson. In the past, the Yangshao culture was based on the Yangshao site and referred to the fully painted pottery culture in the Yellow River basin, but research since the establishment of the People's Republic of China has divided it into the Yangshao culture centered in Henan Province in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the Yangshao culture in Gansu in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The Yangshao culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is divided into the Banpo type culture based on the Banpo site in Xi'an, and the Miaodigou type culture based on the Miaodigou site in Shan County, Henan Province. The former has little painted pottery, and the earthenware patterns are simple and characterized by animal motifs, while the latter has relatively more painted pottery and earthenware patterns that are mainly geometric and are rich in variety. The research of Xia Dai, Yin Da and others revised Anderson's six-period chronology for the Yangshao culture of Gansu, and constructed a new chronology for the Yangshao culture, Majiayao culture, Machang culture, Qijia culture, and Xindian, Siwa and Kayao cultures, which are considered to have existed in different regions at the same time. The age of the culture is said to extend from the Yangshao culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River to the Yin and Zhou periods.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国黄河中流域の彩陶を伴う新石器文化の総称。 J.アンダーソンによって調査が行われた河南省めん池県仰韶遺跡からその名称が出ている。かつて仰韶文化は仰韶遺跡を標準として，黄河流域の全彩陶文化をさしていたが，中華人民共和国になってからの研究によって，黄河中流域の河南省を中心とする仰韶文化と，黄河上流の甘粛仰韶文化に分けられている。黄河中流域の仰韶文化には，西安の半坡遺跡を標準とする半坡類型の文化と，河南省陝県の廟底溝遺跡を標準とする廟底溝類型の文化がある。前者は彩陶が少く，土器の文様は単純で動物文などに特色が認められ，後者は彩陶が比較的多く，土器の文様は幾何学文を主とし，変化に富んでいる。甘粛仰韶文化は夏鼐 (かだい) ，尹達 (いんたつ) らの研究によって，アンダーソンの6期編年が改められ，仰韶文化，馬家窯 (まかよう) 文化，馬廠文化，斉家文化，辛店・寺窪 (じわ) ・か窯 (かよう) 文化の新編年が組立てられ，辛店・寺窪・か窯文化は同時に異なった地域に存在した文化と考えられている。また，その年代は黄河中流域の仰韶文化以後，殷・周時代に及ぶとされている。

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