Verification - Augenscheinbeweis

Japanese: 検証 - けんしょう（英語表記）Augenscheinbeweis

Evidence examination is when a judge obtains evidentiary material by directly inspecting the properties of an object or the phenomenon of a thing through his/her senses. When the contents of a document are not used as evidence but the paper quality, handwriting, or seal impression, or when a person's appearance or voice is inspected, this is not documentary evidence or witness examination, but rather inspection. (1) The procedure for inspection under the Civil Procedure Law is generally similar to that for documentary evidence. A request for inspection requires the display of the object to be inspected, and the parties and third parties are obligated to present any property they own or possess and tolerate the inspection. However, they may refuse if they have a legitimate reason. If a party refuses inspection without a legitimate reason, or destroys or conceals the object to be inspected with the intention of preventing the other party from using it, the court may recognize the other party's claim as legitimate. If a third party does not comply with an order to present it, they will be subject to a fine.

(2) Among physical evidence examinations, this refers to the examination of evidence in which the existence or condition of evidence that is the basis of a trial is experimentally recognized through the five senses. Examination is performed by the court, a judge appointed or entrusted with the task, or a judge preserving evidence (Criminal Procedure Law). In addition, it may be performed by an investigative agency as part of its investigative activities. Inspection at the scene of a crime is called on-site inspection (on-site inspection), and inspection of a person's body requires a physical search warrant in particular. For inspections outside the courtroom, a record is prepared and presented as evidence at the trial.

Verification
Verification

Testing whether a hypothesis based on a certain theory fits concrete reality. In this case, the limitations of the hypothesis and the objectivity of the observation are important.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

裁判官が直接その感覚作用によって，物体の性状，事物の現象を検閲して証拠資料を得る証拠調べ。文書でもその記載内容を証拠とするのではなく，紙質，筆跡，印影を検閲する場合や，人の容姿や音声を検閲する場合は，書証や証人尋問ではなく，検証である。 (1) 民事訴訟法上の検証の手続はだいたい書証に準じる。検証の申し出には検証物を表示することを要し，当事者および第三者はその所持もしくは占有する物件を提示し検証を受忍する義務を負う。ただし正当な事由がある場合には拒絶することができる。当事者が正当な事由なくして検証を拒み，または相手方の使用を妨げる目的で検証物を破棄，隠匿した場合には，裁判所は相手方の主張を正当と認めることができる。第三者が提示の命令に従わない場合には過料の制裁を受ける。

(2) 物的証拠の取り調べのうち，五感の作用により裁判の基礎となる証拠物の存在または状態を実験，認識する証拠調べをいう。検証は，裁判所，受命，受託裁判官，または証拠保全裁判官によって行なわれる (刑事訴訟法) 。このほか，捜査機関により捜査活動の一環として行なわれる場合がある。犯罪の現場でなす検証を現場検証 (実地検証) といい，人の身体に対する検証については，特に身体検査令状を必要とする。公判廷外の検証については，調書が作成され，証拠として公判に顕出される。