Also called a eutectic mixture. When a certain type of mixed liquid solidifies at a certain melting point (freezing point) like a pure substance and becomes a mixed solid of the same composition, it is called a eutectic. The freezing temperature is called the eutectic temperature, which is lower than the melting points of each component. A eutectic is a mixture of fine crystals of each component, even though it appears homogeneous. A mixture of 22.4% sodium chloride and 77.6% water forms a eutectic at -21.2°C. There are many examples of this in inorganic salts and water, and alloys. When one component is water and the other is a salt, it is called a quartz-containing alloy, and when it is an alloy, it is called a eutectic alloy or eutectic alloy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
共融混合物ともいう。ある種の混合液体が純粋物質のように一定の融点 (凝固点) で凝固して同じ組成の混合固体となるとき,これを共晶という。その凝固温度は共融温度といい,おのおのの成分の融点より低い。共晶は見かけは均一でも各成分の微結晶が混合したものである。塩化ナトリウム 22.4%と水 77.6%の混合物が-21.2℃の共晶となる。無機塩類と水,合金に多くの例がある。1つの成分が水で,ほかの成分が塩類である場合には含水晶と,合金の場合には共晶合金または共融合金と呼ぶ。
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