Uniformitarianism

Japanese: 斉一説 - せいいつせつ
Uniformitarianism

A theory or view of nature that holds that the various phenomena that occurred in geological times past occurred according to the same natural laws that are operating today. It is simply expressed as "the present is the key to the past." It was proposed by the British physicist Hutton in the mid-18th century, and popularized by the British physicist Lyell in the 19th century. It is said to have influenced Darwinism, the theory of evolution. Hutton placed emphasis on field observations and made the following assertions based on facts: even if something appears to have changed suddenly, over a long period of time it could have been formed by slow processes that are operating today. This is a counter to the catastrophism of the French physicist Cuvier, and is the idea that formed the foundation of modern geology. It is also called actualism.

[Hiroshi Iwamatsu]

[Reference] | Catastrophe

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

過去の地質時代におこった諸現象も、現在働いていると同じ自然の法則に従って生起したとする説、ないし自然観。簡単に「現在は過去の鍵(かぎ)である」と表現される。18世紀中ごろイギリスのハットンによって提唱され、19世紀同じくイギリスのライエルによって広められた。進化論のダーウィニズムにも影響を与えたといわれる。ハットンは野外の観察を重視し、事実に基づいて次のように主張した。すなわち、たとえ急激な変動があったようにみえても、長時間かければ現在も作用しているような緩慢な作用でも形成されうるとした。これはフランスのキュビエのカタストロフィズムcatastrophism(天変地異説)に対するもので、近代地質学の基礎を築く考え方である。現行説(アクチュアリズム)ともいう。

[岩松 暉]

[参照項目] | カタストロフィズム

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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