Supply function

Japanese: 供給関数 - きょうきゅうかんすう(英語表記)supply function
Supply function
A function that expresses the relationship between the supply volume of a certain good and its price. In general, it is thought that the supply volume of a good increases when the price rises, and decreases when the price falls. Therefore, if the supply volume is plotted on the horizontal axis and the price on the vertical axis, the relationship between the supply volume and the price will be a curve that slopes upward to the right. This is called a supply curve, and the supply function is a theoretical expression of this as a functional equation. In general, the supply function is derived from the profit-maximizing behavior of suppliers. However, data such as the transaction volume and price in the available market are always given as the result of matching sales and purchases, and the fluctuations in potential supply and demand are not apparent on the surface, so it is usually not possible to identify the supply function or supply curve. It is also usually not possible to determine whether the changes in transaction volume and price over time are due to changes in the demand curve or the supply curve. In econometrics, this is called a determination problem, because the available data are given as an apparent equilibrium point, so to speak.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ある財の供給量とその価格との関係を表わす関数。一般に財の供給量は価格が上昇すれば増加し,逆に価格が下落すれば減少すると考えられる。したがって供給量を横軸に,価格を縦軸にとれば,供給量と価格の関係は右上がりの曲線になる。これを供給曲線といい,供給関数はそれを関数式として理論的に表現したもの。一般に供給関数は供給者の利潤最大化行動から導き出される。しかし利用可能な市場での取引数量,価格などのデータは,常に売りと買いの一致した結果として与えられており,潜在的な需給の変動は表面に表われていないことなどから,通常は供給関数,供給曲線を特定化しえないことが多い。時系列的な取引数量,価格の変化も,需要曲線の変化によるものか,供給曲線の変化によるものかを通常決定しえない。計量経済学ではこれを認定の問題というが,利用可能なデータがいわば見かけ上の均衡点として与えられているためである。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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