The conversion of atmospheric pressure at a certain point into a value at mean sea level. In this case, mean sea level is the average value of sea level elevations caused by tides and waves observed over a long period of time, and the standard is usually the mean sea level of Tokyo Bay. The atmospheric pressure value measured at a certain location indicates the value corresponding to the height of that location. Sea level correction involves imagining that the sea level is directly below that location, and adding a correction for the height of that location above sea level to the measured value. For example, if you compare the air pressure measured at the same time in Maebashi (112.2 meters above sea level at the meteorological observatory) and Tokyo (6.5 meters above sea level at the meteorological observatory), which has a higher altitude, the air pressure in Maebashi is always lower by about 12 hectopascals, which corresponds to the difference in altitude above sea level. This is problematic when entering air pressure data on a map, drawing isobars, and locating the locations of low and high pressure systems, so the data for Maebashi and Tokyo are corrected for their altitude above sea level, and the values are converted to values at a hypothetical sea level directly below, i.e., a sea level correction is made, and then the data is entered on the map. All air pressure values entered on weather charts are values that have been corrected in this way. [Masaji Ota] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある地点の気圧の値を平均海面上の値に換算すること。この場合の平均海面とは、長期間にわたって観測された潮汐(ちょうせき)や波浪などによる海面の高低の平均値で、通常東京湾の平均海面を標準とする。ある場所で測定した気圧の値は、その場所の高さに対応する値を示している。その場所の直下に海面があると仮想し、その場所の海抜高度分の高さの補正を測定値に加えること、これが海面更正である。 たとえば、海抜高度の高い前橋(気象台で112.2メートル)と、低い東京(気象台で6.5メートル)で同時に測った気圧を比べてみると、海抜高度の差に相当する分およそ12ヘクトパスカルだけ前橋のほうがいつでも気圧が低い。地図に気圧のデータを記入して等圧線を書き、低気圧や高気圧の位置を求める場合、それでは困るので、海抜高度分の補正をそれぞれ前橋と東京のデータに施して、仮想的な直下の海面の値に直し、すなわち海面更正をして、地図に書き入れる。天気図に記入してある気圧の値はすべてこのように更正した値である。 [大田正次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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