Xu Shichang - Jo Seichang

Chinese politician from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Born in Tianjin. In the late Qing Dynasty, he served as Governor-General of the Three Eastern Provinces, Chief of Staff, and Supreme Advisor to the Qing Court. After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, he became the tutor of the abdicated Emperor Xuantong as one of the Qing's last elders. In 1914, after the establishment of the Republic of China, he was recommended by Yuan Shikai to become Prime Minister, but resigned the following year in 1915 in opposition to Yuan's imperial plans. In 1918, he was recommended by the Anhui and Fengtian factions to become Grand President, and attempted to negotiate a peace agreement with the Southern faction (revolutionaries), but was unsuccessful. During the May Fourth Movement, he suppressed the popular movement. In 1922, he resigned after the Fengtian faction was defeated in the Fengtian-Chinese War, and thereafter lived in seclusion in his hometown of Tianjin.

[Ando Hikotaro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)末から民国にかけての政治家。天津(てんしん)生まれ。清末、東三省総督、参謀総長、清廷最高顧問を歴任。1911年の辛亥(しんがい)革命後、清の遺老として退位後の宣統帝の師傅(しふ)となった。民国成立後の1914年、袁世凱(えんせいがい)の推挙により国務総理となったが、翌1915年、袁の帝政計画に反対して辞職。1918年、安徽(あんき)派、奉天派軍閥に推されて大総統に就任し、南方派（革命派）との和議を策したが成功しなかった。五・四運動では民衆運動を抑圧した。1922年、奉直戦争で奉天派が敗れて辞任し、それ以後は故郷の天津に閉居した。

［安藤彦太郎］

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