A general term for seven mountain wild goats belonging to the order Artiodactyla and family Bovidae. The seven species are: Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ), Siberian ibex (C. sibirica) , Spanish ibex (C. pyrenaica) , Nubian ibex (C. nubiana) , Caucasian stork (C. caucasica) , Dagestan stork (C. cylindricornis) , and Walie (C. walie) . Some scholars say there are five species. They are found in mountainous areas such as the European Alps, Caucasus, northwestern India, Kashmir, Himalayas, Tian Shan, Altai, Mongolia, Syria, Palestine, Arabia, and Sudan, reaching altitudes of 500 to 5,000 meters, making them the highest of all herbivores. They are generally sturdy, with a head and body length of 1.3 meters and a height of 90 centimeters, and both males and females have horns. The horns are characteristic of this species, and males' horns are crescent-shaped and curve downward toward the rear, with many reaching over one meter in length. The outer surface of the horns has numerous (12-24) bamboo-node-like protuberances. Their fur is gray-brown, but this varies by region and season. They live in small groups near the snow line, which is the lower limit of the perpetual snow in high mountains, but males and females live separately except during the breeding season. They are agile on rocky mountains, running around skillfully on steep rocky areas. The mating period lasts for 7-10 days, during which time males fight fiercely to form harems. The gestation period is around 150 days, and they give birth to one or two babies. The babies are about the size of a baby goat, covered in gray fluff, and can run with their parents immediately after birth. They are herbivores, preferring grass and shrub leaves. There are many examples of them being kept in captivity overseas, but in Japan the only known instance was in 1959 (Showa 34) at Tama Zoo where they were kept and bred. [Shiro Nakagawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目ウシ科に属する山岳性野生ヤギ7種類の総称。種類としては、アルプスアイベックスCapra ibex、シベリアアイベックスC. sibirica、スペインアイベックスC. pyrenaica、ヌビアアイベックスC. nubiana、カフカズツールC. caucasica、ダゲスタンツールC. cylindricornis、ワリアC. walieの7種を含む。学者により5種類とする説もある。分布はヨーロッパ・アルプス、カフカス、インド北西部、カシミール、ヒマラヤ、天山、アルタイ、モンゴル、シリア、パレスチナ、アラビア、スーダンなどの山岳地帯で、標高500~5000メートルに達し、草食獣の仲間ではもっとも高い所に生息する。体格は全体にがっしりとしており、頭胴長1.3メートル、体高90センチメートル、雌雄ともに角(つの)がある。角はこの類に特徴的で、雄の角は三日月形に後下方に湾曲し、その長さは1メートルを超えるものも多い。角の外側表面には多数(12~24本)の竹の節状の隆起がある。体毛は灰褐色であるが、地方により差があり、季節によっても変化する。高山の万年雪の下方限界である雪線近くに小群ですむが、繁殖期以外は雄と雌は離れて生活する。岩山での行動は敏捷(びんしょう)で、険しい岩場を巧みに走り回る。発情は7~10日間続き、この間、雄はハレムをつくるための激しい戦いを行う。妊娠期間は150日前後で、1~2子を産む。子は、子ヤギほどの大きさで灰色の綿毛に覆われ、生後すぐに親について走ることができる。食性は草食で、草や低木の葉を好んで食べる。海外での飼育例は多いが、日本では1959年(昭和34)多摩動物公園で飼育され繁殖した例があるのみである。 [中川志郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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