Aiki

A district of Heihe City, located on the right bank of the Heilongjiang River (Amur River) in the northern part of Heilongjiang Province, China. It borders the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It has a permanent population of 211,313 (2010). In 1908 it became Aigun Zhili Prefecture, in 1913 Aigun County, and in 1956 Aihui County. In 1983 it was incorporated into Heihe City, and in 1993 it became a district of the city. It is famous as the place where the Aigun Treaty, signed in 1858 between the Qing Dynasty and Russia, was concluded.

Although it is located at latitude 55 degrees north, the average temperature in July is 22°C, so in addition to spring wheat and soybeans, rice is cultivated on the alluvial plains, and rice is grown at the northernmost limit in the world. The mountains are rich in conifers and broad-leaved trees, and lumber and woodworking are thriving in Heihe. In addition to three coal mines, there are also mines for gold, lead, iron, barite, and oil shale. A railway connected to Bei'an and Nenjiang during the Manchukuo era, but it was removed before the end of World War II. Water transportation on the Heilongjiang River is available for 170 to 200 days a year, and connects the Heihe River to the upstream and downstream. Heihe Airport, located near the border with the Russian Federation, was closed in 1969 due to the Sino-Soviet conflict, but operations resumed in 1984. It is also known as a processing center for imports and exports to Russia.

[Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, July 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、黒竜江(こくりゅうこう)省北部、黒竜江（アムール川）右岸にある黒河(こくか)市の市轄区。内モンゴル自治区に隣接する。常住人口21万1313（2010）。1908年アイグン（愛琿）直隷庁、1913年アイグン県、1956年愛輝県となった。1983年黒河市に編入され、1993年同市の市轄区となった。1858年清(しん)とロシア間で結ばれたアイグン条約の締結地として有名。

　北緯55度あたりであるが、7月の平均気温が22℃のため、春小麦、大豆のほか沖積平野では水稲が栽培され、水稲は世界の北限をなす。山地には針葉樹、広葉樹が豊富で黒河では製材、木工が盛ん。三つの炭鉱のほか金、鉛、鉄、重晶石、油母頁岩(ゆぼけつがん)などの鉱山もある。鉄道は「満州国」時代に北安(ほくあん)、嫩江(どんこう)に通じていたが、第二次世界大戦終了前に撤去された。黒竜江の水運は年間170～200日利用可能で、黒河から上下流に通じている。ロシア連邦との国境付近にある黒河空港は1969年に中ソ対立の影響で閉港したが、1984年に運航が再開された。対ロシア輸出入品の加工拠点としても知られる。

［浅井辰郎・編集部　2017年7月19日］

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