Like fluorescence, it is light emitted by transition from an excited state to a ground state, generally without heat. It is also called chemiluminescence. In the case of fluorescence, the transition to the excited state occurs due to external light, but in chemiluminescence, it occurs as a result of a chemical reaction or when an excited molecule collides with another molecule and receives energy. Historically, in 1670, German alchemist Hennig Brandt (date of birth and death unknown) discovered that yellow phosphorus emits a faint blue-green light in the dark in air. This is the light emitted when yellow phosphorus rises to an excited state and spontaneously returns to the ground state due to an oxidation reaction with air. Chemiluminescence occurs when hydrogen chloride is vigorously passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, or when hydrogen chloride is reacted with gaseous ammonia. A well-known example of an organic compound is the luminol reaction. When a strongly alkaline solution of luminol is oxidized with peroxosulfate or prussium oxide, it emits a strong blue-purple light that can be seen even during the day. When oxidized with hydrogen peroxide, the light is weak but long-lasting. The color is significantly enhanced when complex compounds containing copper or iron are added. [Takashi Shimozawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
蛍光と同様に励起状態から基底状態への遷移による、一般には熱を伴わない発光である。化学発光ともいう。蛍光の場合は、励起状態への遷移が外部から入射する光によっておこるが、化学ルミネセンスでは、化学反応の結果であったり、励起された分子が他の分子と衝突してエネルギーを受けるためにおこる。歴史的には1670年にドイツの錬金術師であるブラントHennig Brandt(生没年不詳)が、黄リンが空気中の暗所でかすかに青緑色に発光するのをみつけている。これは、黄リンの空気による酸化反応により、励起状態に上り自発的に基底状態に戻るときの発光である。 塩化ナトリウムの水溶液に激しく塩化水素を通したり、気体アンモニアに塩化水素を反応させると化学発光する。有機化合物の例ではルミノール反応が有名である。ルミノールの強アルカリ性溶液をペルオキソ硫酸塩、赤血塩などで酸化すると、日中でも見えるほど青紫色に強く発光する。過酸化水素で酸化すると、発光は弱いが持続性がある。また、銅や鉄を含む錯化合物を加えると発色が著しく強められる。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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