It is an annual plant of the Umbelliferae family (APG classification: Umbelliferae). It is native to the region from Greece to Egypt and the Orient. It was introduced to Japan in the early Meiji period, and is still cultivated in small quantities today. The basal leaves are slightly rounded and triangular with many notches on the edges and long petioles. In summer, the stem grows to a height of about 50 cm, and the leaves on the stem become honewort-shaped. The stem branches at the top and produces many small white flowers. The fruit is egg-shaped, slightly flattened, about 5 mm long, and has white vertical stripes on a brown background. The seeds (fruit) are aniseed. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 17, 2021] useIt has been known as a medicinal herb since ancient Greece, and in traditional Chinese medicine its fruit is said to be a stomachic, carminative (for expelling intestinal gas), expectorant, and lactogenic agent. Aniseed, which is made from small hulled fruits, is used as a spice. Aniseed is used to flavor cookies, cakes, candies, breads, sausages, etc., and is also used in various soups. Aniseed and its essential oil (anis oil) are also used to flavor alcoholic beverages, such as liqueurs such as anisette and the Turkish distilled alcoholic beverage raki (raki). The leaves also have a pleasant fragrance and are used in soups, salads, herbal teas, etc. The main component that gives aniseed its unique aroma and sweetness is anethole, which is found in the highest amount in aniseed. [Tomomi Kono, Yonago Yamaguchi, and Hiroshi Saito, November 17, 2021] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セリ科(APG分類:セリ科)の一年草。原産地はギリシアからエジプト、オリエントにかけての地域。日本には明治初期に渡来し、いまも少量だが栽培されている。根生葉はやや丸みのある三角形で縁に切れ込みが多く、葉柄は長い。夏に茎が高さ50センチメートルほどに伸び、茎につく葉はミツバ形となる。茎の上部で枝分れをして、白色の小花を多数つける。果実は卵形でやや扁平(へんぺい)、長さ5ミリメートルほどで、褐色地に白い縦筋が入る。種子(果実)がアニシードaniseedである。 [星川清親 2021年11月17日] 利用古代ギリシア時代から薬草として知られ、漢方では果実は健胃、駆風(くふう)(腸内ガスの排出)、去痰(きょたん)、催乳の薬とされる。 香辛料としては、小さな果実を脱穀したアニシードを使っている。アニシードはクッキーやケーキ、キャンディー、パンやソーセージなどの香味づけに使われ、各種のスープにも用いられる。アニシードやその精油(アニスオイル)はアルコール飲料、たとえばアニゼットなどのリキュール、トルコの蒸留酒ラキ(ラク)などの香りづけにも使われる。葉もよい香りがあり、スープやサラダ、ハーブ・ティーなどに用いられる。アニス特有の芳香と甘味の主成分はアネトールで、アニシードにもっとも多く含まれる。 [河野友美・山口米子・齋藤 浩 2021年11月17日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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