The ratio of deaths to the population over a certain period of time. There are the following types: (1) General mortality rate: The ratio of annual deaths per 1,000 people, calculated by dividing the number of deaths in that year by the population of that year and multiplying the result by 1,000. Also called crude mortality rate. It ignores the age composition of the population and the cause of death, and the figure cannot be used as is to measure the trends in sanitary conditions in each country or region, but it is used when the composition of the total population is almost unchanged or when observing the trends in deaths in the same region at similar times. (2) Corrected mortality rate: Also called standardized mortality rate, it is used to compare the quality of sanitary conditions, etc. When comparing the mortality rates of two or more regions or countries, it is used to eliminate the effects of differences in the age structure of the population and to see the mortality situation. (3) Specific mortality rates: Mortality rates for each group of population when the population is divided by age, sex, occupation, etc. For example, in the case of age, the number of deaths at a certain age is divided by the population of that age and multiplied by 1,000. Mortality rates by cause of death are often expressed as a number per 1 million population. [Takuji Kaneko] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一定期間の死亡者数の人口に対する割合。次のような種類がある。 (1)一般死亡率 人口1000に対する年間死亡者数の割合で、その年の死亡者数をその年の人口で割り、1000倍したもの。粗死亡率ともいう。人口の年齢構成や死亡の原因が無視されており、そのままの数値を各国や各地方の衛生状態の推移に用いることはできないが、全人口の内容がほとんど変わらない場合や同一地方の接近した時期の死亡推移をみる場合などに使われる。 (2)訂正死亡率 標準化死亡率ともいい、衛生状態の良否などを比較するのに用いられる。二つ以上の地域または国の死亡率を比較するとき、人口の年齢構成の差による影響を消去して、死亡状態をみようとするもの。 (3)特殊死亡率 年齢、性、職業などによって人口を分けた場合の、それぞれの集団人口についての死亡率。たとえば年齢の場合は、ある年齢の死亡者数をその年齢の人口で割り、1000倍する。死因別死亡率は人口100万に対する数値で表される場合が多い。 [金子卓治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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