It is made by piling up and rotting livestock manure and bedding (straw, sawdust, etc.), and the amount of fertilizer content produced varies greatly depending on the type of livestock and the type of bedding. However, it generally has a higher fertilizer content than compost made by adding a nitrogen source to materials such as rice straw or wheat straw and piling it up. The main fertilizer component contents are nitrogen 0.07-1.07% (average 0.39%), phosphorus 0.03-0.57% (average 0.19%), and potassium 0.09-2.22% (average 0.70%). There are two methods for composting manure: low-temperature piling, in which sufficient water is added, compacted, and fermented anaerobically at 20-30°C, and high-temperature piling, in which the manure is piled loosely and fermented at a high temperature of 60-70°C. The latter method has the advantage of killing pathogens and pests, although it involves a loss of nitrogen. In recent years, in order to clean barns and save labor, as well as due to a shortage of materials, mat floors have begun to be used instead of straw bedding, and barn structures that use gravity-flow manure treatment have been adopted. As a result, the production of manure mixed with the traditional bedding has been limited to a certain area, and the manure alone is piled outdoors or in parts of the fields. The liquefied manure obtained in gravity-flow facilities is called liquid manure. It is spread on pastures after they are harvested. [Yuki Koyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
家畜の糞尿(ふんにょう)や敷き料(藁(わら)、おがくずなど)を堆積(たいせき)腐熟させたもので、家畜の種類や敷き料の違いによって、できる肥料成分の含有量には大きな差がみられる。しかし、稲藁や麦藁などの材料に窒素源を添加後、堆積して得られる堆肥に比べると、肥料成分含有量は一般に高い。おもな肥料成分含有率は、窒素0.07~1.07%(平均0.39%)、リン酸0.03~0.57%(平均0.19%)、カリ0.09~2.22%(平均0.70%)である。 厩肥を腐熟させるには、水を十分に加えて踏圧し嫌気的に20~30℃で発酵させる低温堆積と、緩く堆積し60~70℃の高温下で発酵させる高温堆積の二つの方式がある。後者は窒素の損失はあるが、病原菌や害虫が死滅する利点がある。近年、畜舎の清浄化と省力化ならびに材料不足から、敷き藁などのかわりにマット床が利用されだしたり、自然流下式糞尿処理の畜舎構造が採用されてきていることなどから、従来の敷き料を混合した厩肥の生産は一部に限られるようになり、糞尿のみの堆積を野外や畑の一部で行う方法がとられている。自然流下式の施設で得られる腐熟して液状化したものを液状厩肥という。これは牧草地の刈り取り後などに散布されている。 [小山雄生] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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