Brewster, D.

Japanese: Brewster，D.（英語表記）BrewsterD

…When an isotropic, homogeneous transparent object is subjected to an external force and placed under a stress state, the object loses its isotropy and becomes an optically anisotropic object that exhibits birefringence. This phenomenon is called the photoelastic effect, and was discovered in 1816 by the British physicist David Brewster (1781-1868). Photoelastic testing is an experimental method based on this photoelastic effect that optically measures the effect of birefringence corresponding to the stress distribution within an elastic body and analyzes stress, and is often simply called photoelasticity. …

From Blue Star's Law

…The law states that when light is incident on the surface of a transparent medium with a refractive index of n at a specific angle θ, determined by tan θ = n , the reflected light becomes perfectly linearly polarized with a plane of vibration perpendicular to the plane of incidence. This θ is called the polarization angle or Brewster's angle. This phenomenon is used in infrared polarizers and double-ended windows in gas laser tubes. The discoverer of this law was the British physicist David Brewster (1781-1868), who published various studies on optics, but is particularly famous for his research on the law of polarization by reflection and birefringence. He is also known for inventing the kaleidoscope, applying polygonal lenses to lighthouse lamps, and discovering biaxial crystals. …

From [Kaleidoscope]

…When the tube is turned, the position of the tube changes in various ways, and the same pattern never appears twice, which is why it looks beautiful. It is said to have been invented in 1816 by the British physicist David Brewster (1781-1868). It was introduced to Japan at the end of the Edo period. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Brewster, D." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…等方で等質な透明物体に外力を加えて応力状態下におくと，この物体は等方性を失って複屈折性を示す光学的異方体になる。この現象は光弾性効果と呼ばれ，1816年イギリスの物理学者ブルースターDavid Brewster(1781‐1868)によって見いだされた。この光弾性効果に基づいて，弾性体内の応力分布に対応した複屈折の効果を光学的に測定して応力を解析しようとする実験的方法が光弾性試験で，これを単に光弾性と呼ぶ場合が多い。…

【ブルースターの法則】より

…光が屈折率nの透明媒質の表面にtanθ＝nできまる特定の角度θで入射したとき，反射光は入射面に垂直な振動面をもつ完全な直線偏光になるという法則。このθを偏光角またはブルースター角という。この現象を利用したものに，赤外線の偏光器，気体レーザー管の両端窓などがある。この法則の発見者は，イギリスの物理学者ブルースターDavid Brewster(1781‐1868)で，彼は光学に関する種々の研究を発表したが，とくにこの反射による偏光の法則や複屈折の研究は有名で，また，万華鏡の発明，多辺体レンズの灯台の照明灯への応用，双軸結晶の発見などでも知られる。…