Born June 28, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland. American parasitologist. Graduated in zoology from Trinity College Dublin in 1952, and received his PhD in veterinary medicine, zoology, and pathology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. From 1957 to 1990, he worked at the research laboratory of the American pharmaceutical company Merck, and from 1984 to 1990, he was senior scientist and director of bioassay research and development. After retiring, he became an honorary researcher at Drew University. In 1974, chemist Satoshi Omura of the Kitasato Institute discovered that an antibiotic produced by actinomycetes (→actinomycetes) found in soil near a golf course in Ito City, Shizuoka Prefecture, had antiparasitic effects, and sent it to Merck. Campbell, who was in charge of parasites at Merck, created an antiparasitic drug called avermectin from the bacterium and announced it. Furthermore, in collaboration with Omura, Campbell developed ivermectin with a structural modification to enhance its effectiveness, which was initially marketed as a specific treatment for filariasis, a parasitic disease in dogs. It was later found to be effective against human parasitic diseases, particularly onchocerciasis, which is common in tropical regions and in which the larvae in the body cause blindness, and lymphatic filariasis, in which the parasites clog lymphatic vessels and cause swelling in the legs. Ivermectin is distributed free of charge through the World Health Organization (WHO) to disease-endemic areas, and has been administered to hundreds of millions of people. In 2015, Campbell, along with Omura and Tu Youyou, a Chinese scientist who developed a new treatment for malaria, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobel Prize). Campbell
Campbell, Glen Born April 22, 1936 in Billstown, Arkansas
[Died] August 8, 2017. American country pop singer from Nashville, Tennessee. Full name Glen Travis Campbell. He began performing as a guitarist at the age of 14, and made a living as a studio musician from 1960. From 1964 to 1965, he participated in the Beach Boys' tour as a substitute for Brian Wilson. As a solo singer, his album By the Time I Get to Phoenix (1967) won the Grammy Award for Best Album, and the title song became his signature song. This song and Gentle on My Mind (1967) won two Grammy Awards. In the 1970s, he had hits such as Rhinestone Cowboy, but he became addicted to alcohol and drugs. In 2011, he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Her posthumous song, "I'm Not Gonna Miss You," won the Grammy Award for Best Country Song. (→ Country and Western) Campbell
Campbell, Alexander Born: September 12, 1788.
[Died] March 4, 1866.
Irish-born American religious leader and founder of the Disciples of the Church. He followed his father, a pastor, to America and joined the United Baptist Churches, but was expelled from the church due to religious differences. In 1810, he founded the independent Reformed Baptists in Pennsylvania. This church later became the Disciples of the Church, and its members were called Campbellites. His doctrine emphasized immersion, took the Bible as its sole norm, rejected any formal expressions regarding the Trinity, and especially emphasized the imminence of the Second Coming of Christ. He edited the magazine The Christian Baptist (No. 7, 1835) and wrote "The Christian System" (39). Campbell
Campbell, William Wallace Born April 11, 1862 in Hancock County, Ohio
[Died] June 14, 1938, San Francisco American astronomer. Joined Lick Observatory in 1890, and later became director (1901). During this time he led seven solar eclipse observation expeditions. Lecturer at the University of Michigan (1892). President of the University of California (1923-30). President of the National Academy of Sciences (1931-35). Using spectrophotography, he determined the radial velocity of stars and discovered over 1,000 spectroscopic binaries. He also built an observatory in Santiago, Chile, where, by comparing the values observed at Lick Observatory with those observed, he determined the speed and direction of the Sun's relative motion within the Milky Way Galaxy, as well as the motion velocities of stars of various spectral types. Campbell
Campbell, Mrs. Patrick Born: February 9, 1865, London
[Died] April 9, 1940. French, Pau, British actress. Real name (maiden name) Beatrice Stella Tanner. She gained recognition for her role as Paula in A.W. Pinero's The Second Madame Tanqueray (1893), and starred mainly in plays by GB Shaw and later Shakespeare. She is famous for her roles as Ophelia and Juliet opposite J. Forbes-Robertson. In Pygmalion (1914), she played the role of Eliza, a character Shaw is said to have written for her. Her correspondence with Shaw, published posthumously, was later adapted by J. Quilty and staged as Dear Liar (1959-60). Campbell
Campbell, Norman Robert Born: 1880. Dumbarton
[Died] May 18, 1949, Nottingham. British physicist and philosopher of science. He went from Eton College to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied the ionization of gases under J. J. Thomson. From 1919, he worked for General Electric, where he was involved in many experimental studies. He also made philosophical observations on the foundations of science, such as the distinction between law and theory, inspired by E. Mach, P. Duhem, and H. Poincaré. Campbell
Campbell, Colen Born: 1676. Scotland
[Died] 1729. Scottish architect from London. He inherited the Palladian style in the architecture of his mansions, such as Wanstead House (1715-20, destroyed in 1822), the remodeling of Burlington House (1718-19), Houghton Hall (construction started in 22), and Mereworth Castle (23), and made a valuable contribution by publishing the collection of drawings of British architecture, "Vitruvius Britannicus" (15-25), which included his own works. (→Palladianism) Campbell
Campbell, John McLeod [Raw] 1800
[Died] 1872
Scottish theologian. He became a clergyman in 1825, but was dismissed from his post as a heretic because he opposed the prevailing trend in the church at the time, which was based on objectivism, and emphasized the universality of the atonement from a faith-based perspective. He then founded the Independent Church in Glasgow and became its clergyman (1833-59). His major work, The Nature of the Atonement (56), is an ethical interpretation of Jesus' death that has been influential to this day. Campbell
Campbell, Roy Born: October 2, 1901, Durban, South Africa
Died: April 22, 1957. Portuguese-British poet. After dropping out of Oxford University, he traveled around the country, sided with Franco during the Spanish Civil War, and served in the military in Africa during World War II. His breakthrough work was the long poem The Flaming Terrapin (1924), which sings of the instinctive vitality that leads intellectuals to escape disillusionment. In addition to the two volumes of Collected Poems (49, 59), he also wrote an autobiography (51). Campbell
Campbell, Thomas Born: July 27, 1777, Glasgow
[Died] June 15, 1844. Born in Boulogne, France. English poet. Works include "Pleasures of Hope" (1799) and "Gertrude of Wyoming" (1809). Particularly famous are short poems on the theme of war, such as "Hohenlinden" and "The Battle of the Baltic". Campbell
Campbell, William Wilfred Born June 1, 1861 in Berlin, Ontario
Died January 1, 1918. A British-Canadian lyric poet born near Ottawa. His representative works include The Dread Voyage (1893) and Beyond the Hills of Dream (99). Campbell
Campbell, John Archibald Born: June 24, 1811.
[Died] March 12, 1889.
American judicial officer, Supreme Court justice (1853-61), Under Secretary of State for the Confederate government during the American Civil War (1862-65). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
