Canberra (English spelling)

Japanese: キャンベラ(英語表記)Canberra
Canberra (English spelling)
The capital of Australia. Located in the southeast of the country, inland and surrounded by the state of New South Wales, it forms part of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) together with Jervis Bay, which faces the Tasman Sea. It spreads out at the foot of the 1900m-class mountains of the Great Dividing Range, and the Molonglo River, a tributary of the Murrumbidgee River, runs through the city. Surrounded by highlands, it is hot in the summer and cold in the winter. It also has little rainfall. It was selected as the site for the federal capital in 1908, and construction began in 1913 based on the urban plan of American architect Walter Burley Griffin, who won the international design competition in 1911. On May 9, 1927, the federal parliament was moved from Melbourne and it officially became the capital. After World War II, construction progressed rapidly, including the construction of Lake Burley Griffin (1963), an artificial lake created by damming the Molonglo River, and satellite towns such as Weston Creek (1962), Belconnen (1966), and Tuggeranong (1975) built in response to the growing population. It was previously under the direct control of the Federal Government, but in 1989 the ACT government was established with partial self-government. With its planned layout of urban areas and green spaces, it is known as a beautiful garden city. The city is home to Mount Stromlo Observatory (1924), the National Library of Australia (1968), the High Court of Australia (1981), the National Gallery of Australia (1982), St John Baptist Church (1845), the Australian National War Memorial (1941), Parliament House (1988) and the Old Parliament House, which was used from 1927 to 1988. It is also home to higher education institutions such as the Australian National University (1946), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, and the Australian Defence College. Population: 355,596 (2011).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
オーストラリアの首都。同国南東部,ニューサウスウェールズ州が取り囲む内陸に位置し,タスマン海に面するジャービスベイとともにオーストラリアンキャピタルテリトリー ACTを構成する。グレートディバイディング山脈の 1900m級の山々の裾野に広がり,マランビジー川の支流モロングロ川が市街地を流れる。高地に囲まれ,夏は暑く,冬は寒い。また降水量は少ない。1908年に連邦首都の建設地に選定され,1911年の国際設計競技に当選したアメリカ人建築家ウォルター・バーリー・グリフィンの都市計画案を基礎に 1913年に建設が始まり,1927年5月9日連邦議会がメルボルンから移転して正式に首都となった。第2次世界大戦後,急速に建設が進み,モロングロ川をせき止めた人造湖バーリーグリフィン湖(1963)をはじめ,人口増加に伴いウェストンクリーク(1962),ベルコネン(1966),タガラノン(1975)などの衛星都市が建設された。連邦政府の直轄下にあったが,1989年自治を一部担う ACT政府が発足した。市街地と緑地が計画的に配置され,美しい庭園都市として知られる。ストロムロ山天文台(1924),オーストラリア国立図書館(1968),オーストラリア連邦最高裁判所(1981),オーストラリア国立美術館(1982),聖ジョン・バプティスト教会(1845),オーストラリア国立戦争記念館(1941),連邦議会議事堂(1988)および 1927~88年に使用された旧連邦議会議事堂があるほか,オーストラリア国立大学(1946)をはじめとする高等教育機関,オーストラリア連邦科学産業研究機構,オーストラリア国防専門学校が立地する。人口 35万5596(2011)。

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