Gifu Prefecture - Gifu

Japanese: 岐阜[県] - ぎふ

An inland prefecture in the western part of the Chubu region. The prefectural capital is Gifu City. It has ^{an area of 10,621.29 km2 and} a population of 2,080,773 (2010). [History] Formerly the land of two provinces, Mino and Hida, in the late Edo period there were the domains of Ogaki, Kano, Takasu, Gujo, Iwamura, Naegi, Takatomi, and Nomura, and the Mino district governor was in Kasamatsu. The entire Hida region was the domain of the shogunate, and the Hida district governor was in Takayama. In 1871, Mino became Kasamatsu Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture, and Hida became Takayama Prefecture, and was temporarily merged into Chikuma Prefecture, before being separated and incorporated into Gifu Prefecture in 1876. In February 2005, Yamaguchi Village, Kiso District, Nagano Prefecture, was incorporated into Nakatsugawa City. [Nature] The Hida region is a mountainous region with the Hida Mountains to the east and the Ryohaku Mountains to the west, and the Hida Highlands to the north and south. The only lowlands are in the basins of the Miyagawa and Takaharagawa rivers, tributaries of the Jinzu River, and the Hida River (Masuda River), a tributary of the Kiso River. The Mino region is bordered by the Ibuki and Yoro mountain ranges to the west, and the eastern part is part of the Mino-Mikawa Plateau that continues into Aichi Prefecture. The central southern part is the Nobi Plain, where the Kiso River flows west, and where the prefecture's major cities are concentrated. The downstream areas of the Kiso, Nagara, and Ibi rivers are concentrated near Kaizu Town (now Kaizu City) in the southwest of this plain, and since flooding has been frequent since ancient times, ring-shaped settlements have developed, with levees surrounding farmland and settlements. The northern part of the Hida region has a coastal climate with a lot of snowfall, while the southern part of Hida and the Mino region have a Pacific coastal climate and are relatively warm, but the complex topography creates large regional differences. [Industry] The population composition by industry was 3.7% in the first period, 34.7% in the second period, and 61.0% in the third period (2005), with the proportion of industry increasing mainly in the Nobi Plain and along the Chuo Expressway. Fruit and vegetable cultivation and livestock farming (especially poultry farming) are widespread in the Nobi Plain, and farmers are increasingly doing other jobs. Specialties include the Fuyu persimmon and agar from the Mino-Mikawa Plateau. Forest land accounts for about 80% of the prefecture, and forestry is thriving, producing lumber and pulp materials, as well as shiitake mushrooms and nameko mushrooms. In mining, the prefecture is home to the Kamioka Mine (Hida City), Japan's largest zinc mine, and the Akasaka district of Ogaki City is rich in limestone and marble. The Nobi Plain lies in the northern part of the Chukyo Industrial Zone, and the area is diversified with textile industries (cotton spinning, woolen fabrics, etc.) in Gifu, Ogaki, and Hashima, aircraft and automobile manufacturing in Kakamigahara, ceramics in Tajimi, Toki, and Mizunami along the Chuo Expressway, which was completed in 1975, paper and general machinery in Ena, electrical equipment and plastics in Nakatsugawa, and other unique industries. Other distinctive industries include cutlery in Seki, paper in Mino, bentwood furniture in Takayama, and lanterns and fans in Gifu. The prefecture's manufacturing shipment value was 4.8296 trillion yen (2003), ranking fourth in the Chubu region. There are the Chubu-Sangaku and Hakusan National Parks, and the Hida-Kisogawa Quasi-National Park, and there are many tourist attractions such as Shirakawa-go (a World Heritage Site), the Takayama Festival in Takayama, the Gujo Dance in Gujo, cormorant fishing on the Nagara River, and the Ena Gorge. [Transportation] The southwestern part of the prefecture is connected to major cities by the Tokaido Main Line, the Shinkansen, the Meishin Expressway, and the Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway, providing close connections with Nagoya. The Tono region is served by the Chuo Main Line, the Chuo Expressway, and National Highways 19 and 21. The Hida region is served by the Takayama Main Line and National Highway 41, which run along the valley of the Hida River, but transportation is relatively inconvenient.
→ Related topics Chubu region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中部地方の西部にある内陸県。県庁所在地は岐阜市。１万621.29km²。208万773人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての美濃国，飛騨国の２国の地で，江戸後期美濃に大垣，加納，高須，郡上(ぐじょう)，岩村，苗木，高富，野村の諸藩と，笠松に美濃郡代があり，飛騨は全域幕領で，高山に飛騨郡代があった。1871年美濃は笠松県と岐阜県となり，飛騨は高山県となり一時筑摩県に合併，1876年分離して岐阜県に編入された。2005年２月長野県木曾郡山口村が中津川市に編入合併した。〔自然〕　飛騨地方は東に飛騨山脈，西に両白山地があり，北と南は飛騨高地で占められる山国で，神通(じんづう)川支流の宮川と高原川の流域，木曾川の支流飛騨川（益田(ました)川）流域に低地があるにすぎない。美濃地方は西に伊吹・養老両山地があり，東部は愛知県に続く美濃三河高原の一部である。中央南部は木曾川が西流する濃尾平野地域で，県の主要都市が集中する。この平野南西部の海津町（現・海津市）付近には木曾，長良，揖斐(いび)の３川の下流部が集中し，古くから水害が多かったため，耕地と集落を堤防で囲む輪中が発達する。飛騨地方北部は日本海岸式気候で積雪が多く，飛騨南部や美濃地方は太平洋岸式気候で比較的温暖であるが，地形が複雑なため地域差が大きい。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次3.7％，第２次34.7％，第３次61.0％（2005）で，濃尾平野および中央自動車道沿いを中心に工業の比重が増大してきた。濃尾平野では果樹・野菜栽培，畜産（特に養鶏）が普及し，農家の兼業化も著しい。特産に富有柿，美濃三河高原の寒天がある。林野面積は県の約80％を占め，林業が盛んで，製材，パルプ用材を産し，シイタケ，ナメコなども多産する。鉱業では日本最大の亜鉛鉱山の神岡鉱山（飛騨市）があり，大垣市赤坂地区は石灰石と大理石を多産。濃尾平野部は中京工業地帯の北部に当たり，岐阜，大垣，羽島各市に繊維工業（綿紡，毛織物など），各務原(かかみがはら)市に航空機・自動車工業，1975年県下全通した中央自動車道沿いには多治見，土岐，瑞浪(みずなみ)各市などに窯業，恵那市の製紙，一般機器，中津川市の電気機器，プラスチックなどと多様化している。このほか関市の刃物，美濃市の紙，高山市の曲木家具，岐阜市のちょうちん，うちわなど特色ある産業もみられる。県の製造品出荷額は４兆8296億円（2003）を上げ，中部地方で４位を占める。中部山岳・白山両国立公園，飛騨木曾川国定公園があり，白川郷（世界遺産），高山市の高山祭，郡上市の郡上(ぐじょう)踊，長良川の鵜飼い，恵那峡など観光資源も多い。〔交通〕　南西部は主要都市を結んで東海道本線・新幹線，名神高速道路，東海北陸自動車道が通じ，名古屋市との連絡が密である。東濃地域には中央本線，中央自動車道，国道19，21号線が通じる。飛騨地方には飛騨川の河谷に沿って高山本線，国道41号線が通じるが交通は比較的不便である。
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