Russian critic. Born to a Jewish father and a Russian mother of German descent. While studying at St. Petersburg University, he founded the Society for the Study of Poetic Language (Opoyars), and as a central member of the Russian Formalist critical movement, he had a strong influence on avant-garde art movements such as Futurism and its associated literature. His theories on the distinction between poetic language and everyday language, the automatization of consciousness and the elevation of norms, and the theory of "alienation" as an artistic method form the basis of modern structuralism and semiotics. He was not well-liked during the Stalin era, but after the Thaw he was very active. His many works include "Theory of Prose" (1925), "On Mayakovsky" (1940), "On Dostoevsky" (1957), and "Autobiography" (1966). [Tadao Mizuno] "Theory of Prose" translated by Mizuno Tadao (1971, Serika Shobo)" ▽ "Dostoevsky Theory - Affirmation and Negation" translated by Mizuno Tadao (1974, Keiso Shobo)" ▽ "Revolutionary Petersburg (Autobiography)" translated by Mizuno Tadao (1972, Shobunsha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの批評家。父がユダヤ人、母がドイツ系ロシア人の家庭に生まれる。ペテルブルグ大学在学中に「詩的言語研究会(オポヤーズ)」を結成、ロシア・フォルマリズムの批評運動の中心メンバーとして、未来派をはじめとする前衛芸術運動と同伴者文学に強い影響を与えた。詩的言語と日常言語の区別、意識の自動化と規範の格上げ、芸術の方法としての「異化」理論は、現代の構造主義、記号論の基礎をなすものである。スターリン時代は不遇であったが「雪どけ」以降、精力的に活躍した。『散文の理論』(1925)、『マヤコフスキー論』(1940)、『ドストエフスキー論』(1957)、『自伝』(1966)ほか多数の著作がある。 [水野忠夫] 『水野忠夫訳『散文の理論』(1971・せりか書房)』▽『水野忠夫訳『ドストエフスキー論――肯定と否定』(1974・勁草書房)』▽『水野忠夫訳『革命のペテルブルグ(自伝)』(1972・晶文社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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