Kiden-do

Japanese: 紀伝道 - きでんどう
Kiden-do

A department of Daigakuryo in the Heian period. One of the four schools of Kiden, Myogyo, Myobo, and San. Subjects included historical texts such as the Records of the Grand Historian, the Book of Han, and Monzen, as well as poetry and prose. According to the regulations of the "Ryo," Myogyo was the basis, but in 728 (Jinki 5), the Monjo Hakase was appointed, and in 730 (Tenpyo 2), the Monjo Sho was appointed, and Kidendo flourished. In 808 (Daido 3), the Kiden Hakase was appointed for the first time alongside the Monjo Hakase, and the department name Kidendo was established. From among the students, 20 became Gi Monjosei after taking the Ryo Examination to read poetry and prose from the Shikibusho, and then took the Ministry Examination (Monjosei Examination) to become Monjosei (20 people), and of these, the two with the best results became Tokugosho (Monjo Master's Degree Students). These students were provided with food and clothing, and were given an official rank after passing an essay exam called a taisaku (hoteki). The instructor was a Monjo Hakase, a junior officer of the fifth rank. In 834 (Jowa 1), the position of Kiden Hakase was abolished, and one Monjo Hakase was added, bringing the total to two. In other schools, such as Myokyo-do, the department consisting of Myokyo Hakase and Myokyo Sei was called Myokyo-do, while the department consisting of Monjo Hakase and Monjo Sei came to be called Kidendo. Kidendo was not a separate school (school) from Monjo-do, but was the same school and shared some of its duties. Kidendo was monopolized by five families throughout the Heian period: the Sugawara, Oe, and Minami, Shiki, and Kita, Hino branches of the Fujiwara clans.

[Yutaka Yamanaka]

"Reprint of 'Study of the Ancient Educational System' by Momo Hiroyuki (1983, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

平安時代の大学寮の学科。紀伝、明経(みょうぎょう)、明法(みょうぼう)、算(さん)の四道の一つ。『史記』『漢書(かんじょ)』『文選(もんぜん)』などの史書、詩文などを教科内容とする。「令(りょう)」の規定では、明経道が根本であったが、728年(神亀5)に文章博士(もんじょうはかせ)が、730年(天平2)に文章生(しょう)が置かれ、紀伝道が盛んになった。808年(大同3)、文章博士と並んで、初めて紀伝博士が置かれ、紀伝道の学科名が成立した。学生のなかから、式部省の詩文を読む寮試によって擬(ぎ)文章生となる者が20人、さらに省試(文章生試)を受けて文章生(20人)となり、そのうち成績優秀なる者2人が文章得業生(とくごうしょう)となる。これは衣食を給せられる給費生であり、対策(方略試)と称する論文試験を受けて官位を給せられる。教官は文章博士。従(じゅ)五位下の官である。834年(承和1)には紀伝博士を廃し、文章博士1人を増し定員2名となった。他道たとえば明経道では、明経博士、明経生からなる学科を明経道と称したのに対し、文章博士、文章生などからなる学科を紀伝道と称することとなった。紀伝道は、文章道と別個の道(学科)を形成するものではなく、文章道と同じ道で職掌任務も一部分担するものである。紀伝道の家としては、平安時代を通じて菅原(すがわら)、大江、藤原氏の南家、式家、北家日野流があり、5家が独占した。

[山中 裕]

『桃裕行著『上代学制の研究』復刊(1983・吉川弘文館)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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