Kishu Kiln

An ancient kiln in Yonghe Town, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, China. The name Jizhou kiln was given to this area because it had belonged to Jizhou since the Sui dynasty. Cao Zhao, who lived in the early Ming dynasty, used the name Jizhou kiln in his "Essay on Gegu," stating, "Jizhou kiln is now found in Yonghe Town, Luling County, Ji'an Prefecture. Its color is purple and its wares are similar, thick and coarse, and not very fine." This suggests that by the early 15th century, it had already fallen into the category of a local kiln that fired crude wares. Archaeological surveys have also confirmed this tendency, and it has become known that Jizhou kilns flourished mainly in the 13th and 14th centuries, from the Southern Song dynasty to the Yuan dynasty. In Japan, the Taihisan tea bowl, commonly known as Kishu Tenmoku, is made by applying two layers of black and yellow glazes to artificially express patterns, and the exquisite Tenmoku tea bowls were perfected and became famous. In addition, he was one of the first in southern China to try iron painting, which involves applying iron paint to create patterns under a transparent glaze, and he was very enthusiastic about new technologies, such as using the black glaze scraping method and applying a low-fire green glaze.

[Yoshiaki Yabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、江西(こうせい／チヤンシー)省吉安(きつあん／チーアン)市永和鎮にある古窯。この地は隋(ずい)時代以来吉州に属していたところから吉州窯の名がつけられた。明(みん)時代初めの曹昭は『格古要論』のなかで吉州窯の名称を用いており、「吉州窯、出今吉安府盧陵県永和鎮、其色興紫定器相類、体厚而質粗、不甚直銭」と述べ、15世紀初頭の段階ではすでに粗雑な器皿を焼く地方窯に堕していたことをうかがわせる。考古学的な調査によってもこの傾向は認められており、吉州窯はおもに南宋(なんそう)から元(げん)にかけての13、14世紀に隆盛していたことが知られるようになった。俗に日本では吉州天目(てんもく)とよばれる玳皮盞(たいひさん)は、黒釉(こくゆう)と黄釉との二重掛けによって人為的に文様を表現し、絶妙な天目茶碗(ちゃわん)を完成させて名声を博した。このほか華南ではいち早く透明釉下に鉄絵の具で文様を巡らす鉄絵を試み、黒釉掻(か)き落し法を行い、低火度の緑釉を施すなど、新技術に対してまことに意欲的であった。

［矢部良明］

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