Chihō

A Neolithic to Bronze Age site near Ulanhad (Chifeng), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. A representative example is the Hongshanhou site, which was surveyed by the Japanese East Asian Archaeological Society in 1935 and was divided into two periods. The first period, which includes painted pottery, coarse pottery, stone axes, stone knives, stone plows, stone hoes, and microliths, belongs to the Hongshan culture and was influenced by the Yangshao culture in the Yellow River basin. The second period, which was surveyed at the Xiajiadian site in 1960 after liberation, was found to be two completely different Bronze Age cultures. The settlement that produced molds for bronze axes, including reddish-brown polished jars, keels, bowls, ringed stone axes, and scabbards, belongs to the Xiajiadian lower culture and parallels the Yin dynasty. The numerous box-type stone coffin tombs, accompanied by grave goods such as red pottery kettle shells, vases, perforated stone axes, bone awls, bronze arrowheads, bronze buttons, bronze rings, and small beads, belong to the upper Xiajiadian culture and correspond to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.

[Yokota Yoshiaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、内モンゴル自治区ウランハド（赤峰）市付近にある新石器時代から青銅器時代の遺跡。代表的なものは1935年に日本の東亜考古学会が調査した紅山後(こうざんこう)遺跡で、二期に分けられた。彩陶、粗陶、石斧(せきふ)、石包丁、石犂(いしすき)、石鍬(いしくわ)、細石器を伴う第一期文化は紅山文化に属し、黄河流域の仰韶(ぎょうしょう)文化の影響を受けている。第二期文化は、解放後の1960年に夏家店(かかてん)遺跡を調査した結果、性質のまったく異なる2種の青銅器文化であることがわかった。赤褐色磨研壺(つぼ)、鬲(れき)、鉢、環状石斧、袋穂(ふくろほ)の青銅斧の鋳型を出す住地は、夏家店下層文化に属し、殷(いん)代に並行する。紅陶の鬲、壺、有孔石斧、骨錐(こっすい)、銅鏃(どうぞく)、銅釦(どうこう)、銅環(どうかん)、小玉などの副葬品を伴う多数の箱式石棺(せきかん)墓は、夏家店上層文化に属し春秋戦国時代に相当する。

［横田禎昭］

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