Monsoon climate - kisetsufuukikou

Japanese: 季節風気候 - きせつふうきこう
Monsoon climate - kisetsufuukikou

A characteristic climate found in areas such as East Asia and India where seasonal winds prevail. Also called monsoon climate. The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word mausim (meaning season), and refers to the prevailing winds whose direction changes with the seasons, caused by the difference in thermal properties between the continent and the ocean. Therefore, it is a climate that is caused by the distribution of land and water and the location of the region in relation to the continent and ocean. Generally, the ocean has a large influence in summer, resulting in a lot of rain, while winter is continental and has little rain. However, there are places such as the Sea of ​​Japan side of Honshu and Vietnam that experience a lot of precipitation and snow in winter.

Monsoon climates are broadly divided into tropical monsoon climates, subtropical monsoon climates, mid-latitude monsoon climates, temperate monsoon climates, and polar monsoon climates, depending on where they appear. However, monsoons are most prominent in the tropical monsoon zones of the Gulf of Guinea, India, and Southeast Asia, and the temperate monsoon zone of East Asia. The area from South Asia to East Asia is sometimes called Monsoon Asia. It has a unique view of nature and climate.

[Nozomi Kobayashi and Yoshitaka Fukuoka]

[Reference] | Subtropical monsoon climate | Temperate monsoon climate | Climate classification | Monsoon | Tropical monsoon climate

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東アジアやインドなど季節風が卓越する地方にみられる特徴的な気候。モンスーン気候ともいう。モンスーンという語は、アラビア語のマウシムmausim(季節の意)に由来し、大陸と海洋の熱的な性質の差によっておこる、季節によって風向の交替する卓越風をさす。したがって、水陸分布や大陸・海洋に対する位置によって生ずる気候で、一般には夏に海洋の影響が大きく雨が多いのに対して、冬は大陸的で雨が少ない。しかし本州の日本海側や、ベトナムなどのように冬に多量の降水、雪などがみられる所もある。

 季節風気候は、広義にはその出現する場所により、熱帯季節風気候、亜熱帯季節風気候、中緯度季節風気候、温帯季節風気候、寒帯季節風気候などに細分される。しかし季節風がもっとも顕著なのは、ギニア湾岸、インド、東南アジアの熱帯季節風帯と、東アジアの温帯季節風帯である。南アジアから東アジア一帯をとくにモンスーンアジアとよぶ場合もある。特有の自然観・風土観がある。

[小林 望・福岡義隆]

[参照項目] | 亜熱帯季節風気候 | 温帯季節風気候 | 気候区分 | 季節風 | 熱帯季節風気候

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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