…The differences between humans and apes include the fact that the latter's canines are powerful and dentition is absent, there is a gap between the second incisor and canine in the upper jaw, and between the canine and first premolar in the lower jaw, and that only the former walk upright on two legs. The oldest ape is Amphipithecus from the late Eocene, followed by Aegyptopithecus from the Oligocene, and Pliopithecus from the Miocene, which is thought to be the ancestor of Dryopithecus and gibbons. Recent research has also suggested that humans and modern African apes diverged in the Pliocene. … From [Primates]...These include fossils of the Adapidae and Omomysidae, which are important for understanding the primitive forms of primates, but also the ancestors of the Tarsiers and Ceratopods. Amphipithecus and Pondaungia are thought to be Ceratopods, and have been excavated from Myanmar, while two genera of the Omomysidae have been discovered in China. The Oligocene is a period with few primate fossils, but a wide variety of fossils have been excavated at Fayoum in Egypt, and each one has important significance in linking primitive prosimians and anthropoids. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Amphipithecus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ヒトと類人猿との間には,後者の犬歯は強大で歯列を抜き,また上あごの第2切歯と犬歯間,下あごの犬歯と第1小臼歯(しようきゆうし)間に歯隙がある点,前者だけが直立2足歩行を行う点などに相違を認めることができる。 もっとも古い類人猿は始新世末期のアンフィピテクスAmphipithecusとされ,それに続く漸新世にはエジプトピテクスAegyptopithecusが,また中新世にはドリオピテクスDryopithecusやテナガザルの祖先と考えられるプリオピテクスPliopithecusが知られている。また最近の研究結果からすると,ヒトと現生のアフリカの類人猿との分岐は鮮新世とされている。… 【霊長類】より…この中にはアダピス科Adapidaeやオモミス科など霊長類の原始形態を知るうえで重要な化石が含まれるが,メガネザル科とショウジョウ科の祖型も姿を現している。ショウジョウ科と考えられるのはアンフィピテクスAmphipithecusとポンダウンギアPondaungiaでミャンマーから出土しており,またオモミス科の2属は中国で発見されている。漸新世は霊長類化石の乏しい時代であるが,エジプトのファユウムでは多彩な化石が出土しており,その一つ一つは原始原猿類と真猿類をつなぐ重要な意味をもつものである。… ※「アンフィピテクス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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