selective erosion

...Also, valleys are easily excavated in fault zones, joints, and exposed areas of soft rock. This selective erosion of rocks is called selective erosion. As a result of selective erosion, fault line valleys that are aligned in a straight line, such as the Yoshino River, Kino River, and Kushida River, and structural valleys such as anticline valleys, syncline valleys, and synclinal valleys that run parallel to the fold structures of the Appalachian Mountains, are produced.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "selective erosion" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…また，断層破砕帯や節理や軟岩の露出部には谷が掘り込まれやすい。このように岩石を選んで浸食が進むことを選択浸食selective erosionと呼ぶ。　選択浸食の結果，例えば吉野川，紀ノ川，櫛田川のように一直線状に並ぶ断層線谷を生じたり，アパラチア山地の褶曲構造に並走してみられる背斜谷，向斜谷，同斜谷などのような構造谷を生ずる。…

※「selective erosion」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報