A branch of fluid mechanics that studies the flow of gas around an object and the forces that gas exerts on the object when it moves through air or other gases. The gas in question is not necessarily air, so the correct term is gas dynamics, but since there are very few cases where gases other than air are the subject of the study and the theory is easy to apply, it is generally called aerodynamics, which includes other gases. The air that is the subject of aerodynamics is first treated as a so-called perfect fluid with no viscosity or compressibility, then it is studied by considering only viscosity, then compressibility, and finally both, but with the development of wind tunnel facilities, calculation technology, and computers, this theory has made significant progress in recent years. [Kazuo Ochiai] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
流体力学の一分野で、物体が空気またはそのほかの気体の中を運動するとき、その物体の周囲の気体の流れや、それらの気体が物体に及ぼす力の状態を研究する学問。扱う気体はかならずしも空気とは限らないので、正しくは気体力学であるが、空気以外の気体を対象とする場合がごく少ないことや、理論の応用が容易なので、ほかの気体をあわせて空気力学と総称している。空気力学が対象としている空気は、まず粘性も圧縮性もない、いわゆる完全流体として扱われ、次に粘性のみを考慮し、さらに圧縮性を取り入れ、最後に両者をともに取り入れて研究されているが、風洞施設および計算技術、コンピュータの発達によって、この理論は近年著しい発展を遂げている。 [落合一夫] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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