Fighting dogs

Japanese: 闘犬 - とうけん
Fighting dogs

A sport in which dogs are pitted against each other to win. In ancient times it was called "inuawase" or "inukui." During the Kamakura period it was popular among samurai, and it is recorded in the Masukagami and Taiheiki that Hojo Takatoki was particularly fond of it. The current rules for dogfighting were established during the Meiji period, and it became popular nationwide towards the beginning of the Taisho period. Many member-only dogfighting clubs were established, mainly in Tokyo, and large-scale dogfights were often held, but in 1916 (Taisho 5), Tokyo City banned dogfighting from an animal welfare standpoint.

The dogs used for dogfighting are mostly Tosa dogs, followed by Akita dogs, but in the Tokyo area, foreign dogs such as bulldogs and bull terriers have also been used. The match takes place in a 15 shaku (455 cm) square ring surrounded by a 3 shaku 5 sun (106 cm) high wooden fence, and the loser is the one who turns his tail towards the opponent and runs away, or who is judged to have lost the will to fight by crouching down, etc. Currently, it is prohibited not only as a gambling event but also from the standpoint of animal protection, but in Kochi and Akita prefectures, it is openly held as a local event. In addition, in the case of Tosa dogs, dogfighting is held nationwide under the guidance of the Tosa Dog Promotion Association, and every year, the rankings from Yokozuna to Maegashira are determined and announced, just like in sumo wrestling. Dogfighting is not only held in Japan, but also in foreign countries, where it is held locally using dogs such as mastiffs, St. Bernards, and bulldogs.

[Kuramochi Sadasuke]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イヌを戦わせて勝負を争う競技。古くは「犬合(いぬあわ)せ」または「犬くい」という。鎌倉時代に武士の間で盛んに行われ、北条高時がとくに愛好したことが『増鏡(ますかがみ)』『太平記』に記されている。明治時代に現在の闘犬の諸規則が確立し、大正の初めにかけて全国的に流行した。また東京を中心として会員制の闘犬クラブが多くでき、大掛りな闘犬がしばしば開催されたが、1916年(大正5)東京市は動物愛護の立場から闘犬を禁止している。

 闘犬に使用するイヌは土佐犬がおもで、ついで秋田犬が使用されるが、東京地方ではブルドッグやブルテリヤなど外国犬が使用されたこともある。競技は、高さ3尺5寸(106センチメートル)の木柵(もくさく)で囲われた15尺(455センチメートル)四方の土俵で行われ、相手に尻(しり)を向けて逃げるか、うずくまるなど戦意を失ったと判定されたほうを負けとする。現在は賭(か)け事としてはもちろん、動物愛護の立場からも禁じられているが、高知、秋田県下では、地方的な行事として公然と行われている。また土佐犬の場合は、土佐犬普及会が指導して全国的に闘犬が行われ、毎年大相撲のように横綱から前頭まで順位を定め公表している。闘犬は日本ばかりでなく、外国でもマスチフ、セントバーナード、ブルドッグなどのイヌを使用し地方的に行っている所がある。

[倉茂貞助]

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