Ad balloon - Adbaroon

Japanese: アドバルーン - あどばるーん
Ad balloon - Adbaroon

A tethered advertising balloon. A Japanese-English abbreviation of advertising balloon. A round balloon filled with hydrogen gas is floated in the air, with 10 to 15 advertising letters hanging from it. One of the unique outdoor advertising media in Japan. The first light air balloon float in Japan was at the opening ceremony of the Military Academy in 1878 (Meiji 11). The general public learned about light air balloons in 1890, when the Englishman Spencer held a balloon ride show for a fee in the square on the grounds of the Imperial Museum (now the Tokyo National Museum) in Ueno, Tokyo. Kawatake Mokuami was the first to link light air balloons with the Ryounkaku in Asakusa, which opened in 1890, and wrote a script called "Fusen no Riu Uwasa no Takadono," which was performed the following New Year in 1891. Even after the Ministry of the Army imported light air balloons from the French company Yoon in 1891 for observation and reconnaissance purposes, research and development of light air balloons was primarily carried out for military use.

The so-called advertising balloons, which are light air balloons with pictures and text written on their surface, are said to have been invented by Oguri Kohei in 1903 (Meiji 36). The first such balloon was for Nakayama Taiyodo, which was erected in Nihonbashi, Tokyo in 1913 (Taisho 2).

Around 1915, night-time balloons with illuminations were invented, in 1919, modified advertising balloons, and in 1930 (Showa 5), ​​advertising letter nets that could be hung from balloons were invented. It is thought that tethered advertising balloons began to be called advertising balloons around 1934, just before they were sung about in the hit song "Aa Sorenandemo" (1936). During the February 26 Incident in 1936, a balloon was used to fly a notice to rebel soldiers saying "Imperial Order: Do not turn against the military flag", which became a hit. During the Pacific War, they were completely banned in October 1943. The first advertising balloons after the war were those for the "Onatsu Seijuro" show on the roof of the Nihon Theater in Tokyo in 1948 (Showa 23), but due to the lingering image of balloon bombs, even just two advertising balloons were banned after only one day of flight, due to an order from GHQ (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers). The first permission to lift the ban was given by the Tokyo Post Office (later the Tokyo branch of Japan Post, which was privatized and is now part of the Japan Post Group) in November of the following year, 1949. The relaxation of the "Regulations Restricting Tethered Advertising Balloons" in April 1951 ushered in the full-scale era of advertising balloons.

According to Yoshimi Uchikawa's "History of the Development of Advertising in Japan," in Tokyo alone, there were only less than 2,000 advertising balloons in 1951, but by 1956, the number had increased five-fold to 10,000, adorning the city's skies. In the 1950s, modified advertising balloons (non-spherical), which began to be put to practical use in 1949, began to appear one after another, and illuminated advertising balloons for night use, which were first permitted in Osaka in 1952, appeared in Tokyo the following year in 1953, and the "Nighttime Illuminated Advertising Balloon Festival" was held in August of the same year. According to documents from Sun Advertising Balloon Company, there were a total of 103 floats between 1956 and 1965, and 18 times there were mass floats of more than 100 balloons. The highest record is said to be 553 balloons at the grand reopening of Ginza Matsuya (department store) in May 1964.

However, from this point on, the number of advertising balloons floating up the sky decreased year by year. Japan became more and more of a car-oriented society, and people no longer had the luxury of looking up at the sky while on the roads. High-rise buildings began to stand everywhere, making it difficult to see far into the distance. Furthermore, a wide variety of new advertising media appeared, and by the 1990s, advertising balloons were rarely seen, not only in cities but also in rural areas.

[Shimamori Mitsuo]

"The History of the Development of Advertising in Japan, edited by Yoshimi Uchikawa, Vol. 1 and 2 (1976, 1980, Dentsu)"

[Reference] | Outdoor advertising | Balloons | Advertising

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

係留広告気球。advertising balloonを略した和製英語。水素ガスを入れた丸形の気球を空中に浮揚させ、その下に宣伝用文字を10ないし15字程度まで垂れ下げた広告体。日本独特の屋外広告媒体の一つ。日本での軽気球浮揚の最初は、1878年(明治11)陸軍士官学校開校式のときであった。一般人が軽気球を知ったのは、1890年イギリス人スペンサーが東京・上野の帝国博物館(現、東京国立博物館)構内の広場で料金をとって風船乗り興行を行ってからである。河竹黙阿弥(もくあみ)は、同1890年に開業した浅草の凌雲閣(りょううんかく)と軽気球とを結び付けて、いち早く『風船乗評判高閣(ふうせんのりうわさのたかどの)』という脚本を書き、翌1891年正月に上演した。軽気球は、1891年に陸軍省が観測用、偵察用としてフランスのヨオン社から輸入してからも、主として軍事用に研究開発された。

 軽気球の表面に絵や文字を書いたいわゆる広告気球は、1903年(明治36)小栗梄香平(おぐるすこうへい)によって考案されたといわれる。その最初のものは1913年(大正2)東京・日本橋に掲げられた中山太陽堂のものであった。

 1915年ごろにはイルミネーション入りの夜間用、1919年には変型広告気球、1930年(昭和5)には気球に垂らす広告用文字網が考案された。係留広告気球がアドバルーンとよばれるようになったのは、ヒットソング『ああそれなのに』(1936)のなかで歌われる直前の1934年ごろと思われる。1936年の二・二六事件では反乱軍将兵に対して「勅命下る 軍旗に手向ふな」の告示を気球で掲揚して評判となった。太平洋戦争時の1943年10月には全面的に禁止された。戦後初めてのアドバルーンは、1948年(昭和23)に東京・日劇屋上であげられた「お夏清十郎」ショーのものであるが、風船爆弾のイメージが残存するというGHQ(連合国最高司令部)の指令で、わずか2個のアドバルーンでさえ1日だけの浮揚で禁止されてしまった。解禁許可第一号は翌1949年11月の東京郵政局(のちの日本郵政公社東京支社。日本郵政公社は民営化され現在は日本郵政グループ)によるものであった。その後1951年4月の「繋留(けいりゅう)広告気球制限規定」の緩和によって本格的なアドバルーン時代となった。

 内川芳美編『日本広告発達史』によると、東京の空だけみても、1951年にはわずか2000本たらずであったアドバルーンが、1956年には5倍の1万本となり都会の空を彩ったという。1949年に実用化が始まった変型アドバルーン(球型以外のもの)が1950年代に続々と登場するほか、1952年に大阪で初めて許可された夜間用の電飾アドバルーンが翌1953年東京にも登場し、同1953年8月に「夜間電飾アドバルーン祭」が開催されている。サン・アドバルーン社の資料では、1956年から1965年までの間の全浮揚回数は103回で、100本以上の大量浮揚は18回あったという。なかでも1964年5月、銀座松屋(百貨店)の新装開店時の553本は最高記録といわれる。

 しかし、これを境にアドバルーンは年々その浮揚本数を減らしていく。日本は、クルマ社会の様相を強めていき、道路上で大空を仰ぐような余裕もなくなり、高層建築があちこちに林立し遠くまでの見通しが困難になっていく。さらに、新しく多種多様な広告メディアが出現し、1990年代に入ると、都会だけでなく農村においてもアドバルーンをみかけることはほとんどなくなった。

[島守光雄]

『内川芳美編『日本広告発達史』上・下(1976、1980・電通)』

[参照項目] | 屋外広告 | 気球 | 広告

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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