René Thom

Japanese: トム - とむ(英語表記)René Thom
René Thom

French mathematician. Born in Montbéliard. Graduated from the École Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1946 (although reportedly he was briefly captured by German troops during this time), he went on to study geometry, particularly topology, at the University of Strasbourg under Professor Charles Ehresmann (1905-1979). In 1951 he received his doctorate from the University of Paris with a thesis entitled "Fibre Spaces on the Sphere and the Steynroth Product". Using these results, he established the theory of cobordism in 1954, and for this achievement he received the Fields Medal in 1958. From the 1960s he developed catastrophe theory, aiming to apply topology, particularly the theory of singular points of maps, and its application to subjects outside of mathematics (especially biology), and published his magnum opus, "Structural Stability and Morphogenesis," in 1972, surprising the academic world. This book is not a traditional mathematical work, but it develops his natural philosophy in detail, based on his mathematics. After serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg, he served as a professor at the Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies in Paris.

[Hiroshi Noguchi]

"Structural Stability and Morphological Theory" (translated by Masayoshi Yanagi and Shigehiro Ushiki) (1980, Iwanami Shoten)

[References] | Catastrophe theory | Topology

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの数学者。モンベリアールの生まれ。1946年パリの高等師範学校(エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール)を卒業(この間、一時ドイツ軍に捕らえられたとも伝えられる)、さらにストラスブール大学で幾何学、とくにトポロジーを教授エーレスマンCharles Ehresmann(1905―1979)について研究した。1951年パリ大学より「球面上のファイバー空間とスティンロート積」の論文によって学位を得た。この結果を用いて、1954年にコボルディズム理論を確立し、その業績によって、1958年フィールズ賞を受賞した。1960年代からトポロジーとくに写像の特異点の理論、およびその数学以外の対象(とくに生物)への応用を目ざしてカタストロフィー理論を構築し、1972年に大著『構造安定性と形態形成』を刊行、学界を驚かせた。この著は、従来の数学的な著作とはいいがたいが、彼の自然哲学が、彼の数学を基礎として縦横に展開されている。ストラスブール大学教授を経て、パリの高等科学研究所教授を務めた。

[野口 廣]

『弥永昌吉、宇敷重広訳『構造安定性と形態理論』(1980・岩波書店)』

[参照項目] | カタストロフィーの理論 | トポロジー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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