An ancient Mesopotamian city-state 15km east of Babylon. Uhaymir, Iraq. Excavations were carried out by the Chicago Museum of Natural Science and Oxford University from 1923 to 1933. According to Sumerian documents, there is a record of the legendary 1st Kish dynasty (c. 2750-2660 BCE), "the first dynasty after the Great Flood," and it is believed to have actually existed. The inscription on which one of the kings, Mesilim, reconciled a land dispute is said to be the oldest surviving royal inscription. The oldest palace from the Early Dynastic period (c. 2900 BCE) was also excavated. The last king of the 1st dynasty, Agga, was defeated by Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, around 2660 BCE. The inhabitants were a mixture of Semitic and Sumerian. Sargon, a Semitic court official of Kish, became king of Akkad. The prosperity of the Early Dynastic Period was never regained, but it continued to exist as a small city until the Sassanid period (5th–6th centuries). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
バビロンの東方 15kmにあった古代メソポタミアの都市国家。現イラクのウハイミル。 1923~33年にシカゴ自然科学博物館とオックスフォード大学による発掘が行なわれた。シュメール文書によると,「大洪水後の最初の王朝」という伝説的なキシュ第1王朝 (前 2750頃~2660頃) の記録があり,実在していたとされ,王の一人メシリムが記した土地争い調停碑文は現存する最古の王碑文といわれる。また初期王朝時代の最古の宮殿 (前 2900頃) が発掘されている。第1王朝最後の王アッガは前 2660年頃ウルクの王ギルガメシュに敗北した。住民はセム系とシュメール系が混在。キシュの宮廷役人だったセム系のサルゴンはアッカドの王となった。初期王朝時代の繁栄は再興することがなかったが,ササン朝時代 (5~6世紀) までは小都市として存続していた。
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