… If we consider the process from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times as the process in which the prerequisites for the establishment of jurisprudence matured, as a prehistory to the establishment of jurisprudence, then jurisprudence in the true sense of the word only came into being in modern times. When considering the establishment of jurisprudence in modern times, it is important to consider the influence of modern natural law (natural law) and the formation of nation-states and the establishment of legal systems within them. Modern natural law was established in Europe from the 17th to the 18th century, and it provided a theoretical justification for the modern civil society order and the principles of modern private law (respect for private property rights, the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of negligence) that were emerging at the time, and by emphasizing natural reason, it paved the way for the systematic establishment of modern law (see the entry on legal positivism). … *Some of the terminology used in reference to "modern natural law" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… このように古代ギリシア・ローマから近代に至る過程を,法学の成立のための前提条件が成熟する過程として,法学成立の前史として考えるならば,本来の意味における法学は近代に至って初めて成立した。近代における法学の成立を考えるうえで重要なのは,近代自然法学(自然法)の影響と国民国家の形成およびそこにおける法体系の整備である。近代自然法学は17世紀から18世紀にかけてのヨーロッパにおいて成立したが,当時成立しつつあった近代市民社会秩序と近代私法の諸原理(私有財産権の尊重,契約自由の原則,過失責任の原則)に正当性の理論的根拠を与えるとともに,自然理性の重視によって近代法の体系的整備への道を準備した(なお〈法実証主義〉の項参照)。… ※「近代自然法学」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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