Description - Kisai

Japanese: 記載 - きさい
Description - Kisai

The word itself means "the act of actually writing something into something that exists," but in the natural sciences it has become established as a translation of the English word "description," and means "the conversion of the properties or state of a given entity into written information in a way that cannot be interpreted in any other way."

However, there is a tacit understanding among scientists that (1) they should write about facts and not include any elements of imagination or speculation, and (2) once something is written, it should be accepted as true and should not be rewritten unless proven wrong, and it is accepted as an agreement to guarantee the accuracy of the description. There are some exceptions, such as when the whole picture of a paleontology is reconstructed from a partial fossil and the whole process is guaranteed by legal and reliable theories, the content is recognized as a description even though it is not based on fact, and is treated the same as something written about fact.

In principle, the term "disclosure" applies to papers and other such works that have undergone procedures such as a third-party review of their contents before being made public, and the general view is that books and oral presentations at academic conferences etc. are not included in the term "disclosure."

In everyday life, the word "description" is often used in reference to official documents, reports, court records, clinical records, etc., but it does not appear that the definition of this word is precisely defined legally.

Many countries, companies, and social organizations have professionals who record the daily activities of those involved and society, and are called chroniclers. This is said to have originated from the custom of aristocratic society, but in foreign newspaper articles and other sentences where the subject is chronicler, the verb describe is often used.

[Akira Kato September 15, 2015]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

単語の意味は「書き込まれるものが存在していて、実際にそこへ何かを書き込む行動」であるが、自然科学では、英語のdescriptionの訳語として定着し、「ある実在物について、その性質や状態を、ほかの意味にとられないよう、文字情報化すること」を意味する。

 ただし、科学者間の暗黙の了解事項として、(1)事実について書き、想像や推定の要素をいっさい含まないこと、(2)いったん記載された内容は、真実として受け入れられ、誤りが証明されない限り書き換えられない、という条件があり、記載内容の厳密性を保証するための合意として受け入れられている。多少の例外はあり、たとえば、部分的な化石から古生物の全体像が復元され、その作業いっさいが合法的かつ信頼できる学説などによって保証されている場合は、事実に基づくものではないが、その内容は記載として認められ、事実について書かれたものと同等の扱いを受ける。

 原則的には、記載は論文など、公表される前に第三者による内容の検討などの手続きを経たものが、その適用を受けられることになり、著書や学会などでの口頭発表は、記載に含められないとする見解のほうが多い。

 日常生活に関連して、「記載」という語がよく用いられるのは、公文書、調書、裁判記録、臨床記録などであるが、この語の定義が法律的に正確に定められているものではないようである。

 多くの国家、会社、社会活動団体などでは、関係者や社会の日々の動向を記録する専門職が置かれていることがあり、chronicler(諸事記録人)とよばれている。これは貴族社会の習慣に端を発したものといわれているが、外国の新聞記事などで、主語がchroniclerとなる文章では、動詞としてはdescribe(記載)がよく用いられる。

[加藤 昭 2015年9月15日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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