(1) The fundamental doctrine of Christianity that Jesus Christ rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion and burial and appeared to his disciples. The resurrection is not interpreted as a miraculous event of the resurrection of the dead, but as the beginning of a completely new supernatural life by the power of God. It is believed that the resurrected Christ shared the glory of God the Father as a divine being, and from this point on his ascension to heaven is spoken of, and that he will return as a judge at the end of the world. The resurrection also confirmed the fulfillment of Christ's life's mission, and became the basis for his disciples to believe that he was the Messiah. Furthermore, the resurrection of Christ is interpreted as a harbinger of the new life promised to believers and the resurrection at the end of the world. The oldest testimony of the resurrection is found in Paul's 1 Corinthians, chapter 15, verse 3, and all four gospels contain accounts of the resurrection. However, the gospel accounts contain complex questions of traditional history, and it is an academic challenge to confirm the core of the testimony. (2) Themes in Christian art. Although the resurrection of Jesus Christ is one of the most important themes in Christianity, there is no specific description of the resurrection in the four Gospels. Therefore, in the field of art, early on, it was alluded to by depictions of the story of Jonah, two guards sleeping under the cross, a shrine with its doors half-open, an angel or three women standing by the tomb, etc. Examples of this can be found from around the 4th century, but it was not until the 9th century in the East and the late 12th century in the West that Jesus actually emerged from the tomb. The most famous resurrection scene is a work painted by Piero della Francesca in the 15th century. Jesus stands with one foot on a sarcophagus behind four sleeping guards, holding a banner of victory in his right hand (Sansepolcro Municipal Museum). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) イエス・キリストが十字架上の刑死をとげて葬られてのち3日目に死者のなかからよみがえり,弟子たちに現れたとする,キリスト教の根本的教理。復活は死人の蘇生という奇跡的出来事ではなく,神の力によるまったく新しい超自然的生命の始りと解され,復活したキリストは神的存在として父なる神とその光栄をともにするに至ったと信じられ,ここからその昇天について語られるとともに,世の終りには審判者として再臨するとされた。復活はまたキリストの生涯の使命の成就を確証するもので,そのメシアであることを弟子たちに信ぜしめる根拠となった。さらに,キリストの復活は信徒に約束された新しい生命と世の終りにおける復活の前ぶれと解されている。復活についての最も古い証言は,パウロの『コリント人への第1の手紙』 15章3以下にみられるほか,4つの福音書にいずれも復活の記事がある。しかし福音書の記事は複雑な伝承史的問題を含み,その証言としての中核を確認することが学問的課題となっている。 (2) キリスト教美術の主題。イエス・キリストの復活は,キリスト教における最も重要なテーマの一つであるにもかかわらず,4福音書中には復活の具体的記述はない。それゆえ美術の分野においても,初期には,ヨナの物語,十字架の下で眠る2人の番兵,扉の開きかかった廟堂,墓のそばにいる天使や3人の婦人などを表わすことによってそれを暗示していた。そうした作例は4世紀頃からみられるが,実際に墓から出現するイエスが表現されるようになるのは,東方では9世紀,西方では 12世紀後半頃からである。最も有名な復活図は,15世紀にピエロ・デラ・フランチェスカが描いた作品。眠る4人の番兵のうしろの石棺に片足をかけて,右手に勝利の印の十字文幡旗を持ったイエスが立上がっている (サンセポルクロ市立美術館) 。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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