Tanijichu

A Confucian scholar of the Tosa Nangaku school in the early Edo period. Born into a wealthy family in Tosa (Kochi Prefecture). His given name was Soyu, commonly known as Daigaku or Saburozaemon. After leaving the priesthood he became a Shinshu monk under the name Jichu, but became a disciple of Tenshitsu (Tenshitsu), who had succeeded Minamimura Baiken in his studies, and studied Confucianism. As a result of devoting himself to the study of the Four Books, he eventually returned to secular life and became a Confucian scholar, serving under the school of Cheng-Zhu. After returning to secular life he was given the pen name Jichu, and his pen name was Donsai (Don'ou). He is said to have admired the Chinese Confucian scholars Xu Luzai (Xu Heng) and Xue Jingxuan (Xue Xuan). There are six volumes of collected writings and four volumes of sayings, but they are not available to the present day. When he was at the gates of Tianshitsu, Tianshitsu criticized the line in the Great Learning, "There is a great way to make money," in which Tianshitsu said, "Wealth is the source of killing people and losing oneself. Rather than the difficulty of having it, it is better to have it without it." He said, "Wealth has no intention of killing people. People rob others and bring about their own defeat and destruction." Here we can see the beginnings of the early modern spirit. He is famous for selling most of his privately owned 300 koku of rice land to buy Buddhist scriptures. He was a man of bold character who was not afraid of powerful men, and even declined an invitation from the feudal lord Yamanouchi Tadayoshi (1592-1665). Among his disciples were such talented people as Nonaka Kenzan, Ogura Sansei, and Yamazaki Ansai.

[Ryoen Minamoto June 20, 2016]

"A Study of the Development of Zhu Xi School in Hainan" by Kunijiro Itoga (1935, Seibido Shoten) " "The Story of Shibayama Nangaku" by Shibayama Otakasaka (included in "Japanese Confucian Scholars Series, Volume 2" edited by Giichiro Seki, reprinted in 1971 by Otori Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸初期の土佐(とさ)南学(なんがく)派の儒者。土佐（高知県）の富豪の家に生まれる。名は素有(そゆう)、通称大学または三郎左衛門。出家して慈沖(じちゅう)と称し、真宗(しんしゅう)の僧侶(そうりょ)であったが、南村梅軒(みなみむらばいけん)の学を継いだ天室(てんしつ)（天質）の弟子となり、儒学を学ぶ。四書(ししょ)の研究に専念した結果、ついに還俗(げんぞく)し儒者となって程朱学(ていしゅがく)を奉ずるに至った。還俗後の字(あざな)は時中、鈍斎(どんさい)（鈍翁(どんおう)）はその号。中国の朱子学者許魯斎(きょろさい)（許衡(きょこう)）、薛敬軒(せつけいけん)（薛瑄(せつせん)）を追慕したという。文集6巻、語録4巻があるが、今日に伝わらない。天室の門にあったとき、『大学』の「財を生ずるに大道あり」の句について、天室が「資財は人を殺して身を喪(うしな)うの本なり。其(そ)の之(これ)を有することの難(かた)からんよりは、寧(むし)ろ之(こ)れ無(な)きの易(やす)きに若(し)かず」といったのに対して、「財もと人を殺す心なし。人貪奪(どんだつ)し、自ら敗亡を取る」と批判したという。ここに近世的精神の胎動をみることができる。私有の田地300石の大半を売って経書(けいしょ)を購入した逸話は有名。性豪邁(ごうまい)で権貴(けんき)を怖(おそ)れず、藩主山内忠義(やまのうちただよし)（1592―1665）の招聘(しょうへい)も辞した。その門から野中兼山(のなかけんざん)、小倉三省(おぐらさんせい)、山崎闇斎(やまざきあんさい)らの英才が出ている。

［源　了圓　2016年6月20日］

『糸賀国次郎著『海南朱子学発達の研究』（1935・成美堂書店）』▽『大高坂芝山著「芝山南学伝」（関儀一郎編『日本儒林叢書　第2巻』所収・復刊・1971・鳳出版）』

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