...Since ancient times, theater has been closely linked to religion or religious and ritualistic things, and it goes without saying that ancient Greek theater, as well as Indian classical Sanskrit drama (Indian theater) and Japanese Noh, all had a strong religious and ritualistic color, and it can be said that this inherent tradition still lives on in some form today. However, from a theatrical history perspective, the most direct and typical form of theater with such a "religious" character flourished in the case of various Christian dramas in medieval Europe (liturgical dramas, passion plays, sacred history plays, mystery plays, miracle plays, etc.), and today, when the term "religious drama" is used, it is usually used to refer to these as a proper noun. Generally speaking, Christian religious drama in medieval Europe was a dramatization of scenes from the birth, suffering, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, or a sequence of these scenes, or his entire life, or the words and deeds of the apostles and saints, or stories and episodes from the Old Testament, but it is said that it originally originated from the tropus (a chant) of the Easter liturgy around the beginning of the 10th century. *Some of the terminology used to refer to "Christian drama" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…古来,演劇は宗教,あるいは宗教的・祭儀的なものと密接に結びついており,古代ギリシア演劇はいうまでもなく,インドのサンスクリット古典劇(インド演劇)にせよ,あるいは日本の能にせよ,濃厚に宗教的・祭儀的色彩を帯びるものであったし,この内在的伝統は今日もなお何らかの形で生き続けていると考えることができるだろう。だが演劇史的にみて,そのような〈宗教性〉を帯びた演劇が最も直接的・典型的な形で隆盛となったのは,中世ヨーロッパにおけるさまざまなキリスト教劇(典礼劇,受難劇,聖史劇,神秘劇,奇跡劇など)の場合であり,今日,〈宗教劇〉という語が用いられる場合に,固有名詞的にこれらを総称していうのが普通である。 中世ヨーロッパにおけるキリスト教宗教劇は,概括していえば,イエス・キリストの生誕,受難,復活などのそれぞれの場面や,それら場面の連続,あるいはその生涯の全体,また,使徒や聖者の言行,さらには旧約聖書中の物語,エピソードなどを劇化したものであるが,それはもともと,10世紀初めころに,復活祭典礼の交誦(こうしよう)tropusから発生したといわれている。… ※「キリスト教劇」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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