Immediate Compulsion - Sokujikyosei

Japanese: 即時強制 - そくじきょうせい
Immediate Compulsion - Sokujikyosei

It refers to the action of administrative agencies directly exerting force on the body or property of citizens to achieve administratively necessary conditions. It is a type of administrative coercion. It is carried out when there is no room to issue obligations in advance due to the need to remove imminent obstacles, or when the purpose cannot be achieved by issuing obligations. For example, there are measures such as questioning, protection, and evacuation stipulated in the Police Duties Execution Act, crime prevention and prevention, entry, and use of weapons, as well as various other laws that allow immediate coercion, such as compulsory health examinations and vaccinations, on-site inspections of places of business such as adult entertainment businesses, free collection of samples under the Food Sanitation Act, and use of land in the event of a fire. However, recently, there is a tendency to explain this as a simple administrative investigation rather than immediate coercion, as only punishing the person who refused if they were refused, and it is not possible to enter against their will.

[Yasuhito Abe]

Administrative enforcement

Administrative coercion refers to the action of an administrative agency using force against a person's body or property in order to achieve an administrative purpose, thereby realizing an administratively necessary state. It can be divided into administrative coercion and immediate coercion. The former is done to enforce non-fulfillment of obligations by ordering them in advance, and the latter is as described above. Both are coercive means and require a legal basis. Originally, German countries recognized the coercive power of the administrative agency itself, and administrative coercion was widely recognized under the old constitution in Japan, but Anglo-American countries have adopted the principle of judicial execution, which requires the intervention of judicial power before administrative agencies can use coercive means. Today in Japan, of the administrative coercion under the old constitution, only substitute execution is recognized, direct coercion and execution penalties have been abolished, and the cases in which immediate coercion is recognized are strictly limited, in order to prevent human rights violations through administrative coercion.

[Yasuhito Abe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

行政機関が直接に国民の身体または財産に実力を加えて行政上必要な状態を実現する作用をいう。行政強制の一種。目前急迫の障害を除く必要上あらかじめ義務を命ずる余裕のない場合、または義務を命ずることによっては目的を達しがたい場合になされる。たとえば警察官職務執行法の定める質問・保護・避難などの措置、犯罪の予防および制止、立入り、武器の使用などがあり、そのほか健康診断や予防接種の強制、風俗営業などの営業所などへの立入検査、食品衛生法における見本品の無償収去、火災の際の土地の使用など、即時強制を認める各種の法律の規定がある。ただし最近は、立入検査は拒否された場合拒否した者を処罰するのみで、その意に反して立ち入ることができるものではないとして、これを即時強制でなく、単なる行政調査と説明する傾向にある。

[阿部泰隆]

行政強制

行政強制とは、行政上の目的を達成するために行政機関が人の身体または財産に実力を加え、もって行政上必要な状態を実現する作用をいう。行政上の強制執行と、即時強制に分けられる。前者は、あらかじめ義務を命じ、その不履行を強制するためになされるものであり、後者は前述したとおりである。いずれも強制手段であるから、法律の根拠を必要とする。もともとドイツ系諸国では行政機関自身に強制権を認め、わが国旧憲法時代は行政強制を広く認めていたが、英米系諸国では行政機関も強制手段を用いるには司法権の介入を要するという司法的執行の原則を採用している。今日のわが国では、旧憲法時代の行政強制のうち、おもに代執行のみを認めて、直接強制や執行罰を廃止し、即時強制が認められる場合を厳重に制限するなどして、行政強制による人権侵害の防止に配慮している。

[阿部泰隆]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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