This refers to a situation where there is only one seller of a product and the seller monopolizes the entire market for that product. Since a monopoly has no competitors, it can determine the market price and supply quantity at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost under a given demand curve in order to maximize its profits. However, even in the case of a complete monopoly where there is only one seller of a product, in reality, the seller is in competition with sellers of products that are substitutes for that product, and therefore cannot exercise monopoly power regardless of the actions of its competitors. Furthermore, a supply monopoly is often also a demand monopoly in the market for the production factors necessary for its production. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ある生産物の売り手がただ1人しか存在せず,その生産物市場の全体を独占している場合をいう。独占企業は競争相手をまったくもたないため,所与の需要曲線のもとに,その利潤を極大化するよう限界収入が限界費用に等しくなるところで市場価格および供給量を決定することができる。しかし現実にはある生産物の売り手がただ1人である完全独占の場合にも,その生産物と代替関係にある生産物の売り手と競争関係にあるため,競争相手の行動と無関係に独占力を行使することはできない。また供給独占企業はその生産に必要な生産要素市場において需要独占企業であることが多い。
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